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| 还田方式对玉米秸秆腐解特征及其节肥潜力的影响 |
| Effects of returning method on decomposition characteristics of corn straw and its fertilizer-saving potential |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-29 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0771 |
| 中文关键词: 还田方式，还田量，腐解特征，养分释放 |
| 英文关键词: returning method, returning amount, decomposing characteristic, nutrient release |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1500702）；吉林省发改委自主创新能力建设项目（2022C032）；吉林省人社厅创新创业人才资助任务（2022ZY08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究通过在黑土区设置还田方式和还田量双因素秸秆腐解模拟试验，探讨不同秸秆还田方式影响下秸秆腐解特征与养分释放动态，为秸秆资源的高效利用提供理论依据。试验地点位于吉林省四平市典型黑土区，设置尼龙网袋法模拟覆盖（Strawmulching）和深翻（Straw burying）2种还田方式和半量还田（50%，R1）、减量还田（75%，R2）、全量还田（100%，R3）3 种还田量互作处理，于2021—2022年动态采集网袋秸秆样品分析其腐解特征与养分释放动态，估算不同还田模式下秸秆节肥潜力。结果表明，在黑土区，深翻还田和减量还田结合下秸秆腐解与养分释放程度最高，腐解率达到 87.7%，碳、氮、磷、钾释放率达到 67.5%、78.3%、82.4% 和 97.2%。与覆盖还田相比，深翻还田秸秆腐解率平均增加 15.0 个百分点，秸秆碳、氮、磷、钾释放率平均增加 16.7、18.0、15.4个和1.5个百分点。不同还田量处理中减量还田对秸秆腐解和碳、氮、磷的释放具有明显促进作用，但对秸秆钾的释放影响不显著。深翻还田和全量还田秸秆养分累积释放量最高，秸秆碳、氮、磷、钾累积释放量分别为2 500.1、54.9、5.7 kg·hm-2和121.2 kg·hm-2。还田秸秆对氮肥和钾肥的替代潜力较高，对磷肥的替代潜力较低。研究表明，因地制宜采用不同秸秆还田方式、科学配置秸秆资源、结合作物养分需求合理施肥，是提高资源利用效率和生态效益、实现绿色生产的重要途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Through the two-factor straw decomposition simulation test of the returning method and returning amount in black soil area, the characteristics of straw decomposition and nutrient release dynamics under the influence of different straw returning methods were discussed. The experimental site was located in the typical black soil area of Siping City, Jilin Province. The nylon mesh bag method was used to simulate the two returning methods of straw mulching and straw burying and the interaction of half-returning（50%, R1）, reducedreturning（75%, R2）, and full-returning（100%, R3）. The straw samples were dynamically collected from 2021 to 2022 to analyze the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release dynamics and to estimate the potential of straw fertilizer saving under different returning modes. The results showed that the degree of straw decomposition and nutrient release was the highest under the combination of straw burying and reduced returning in the black soil area. The decomposition rate reached 87.7%, and the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium release rates reached 67.5%, 78.3%, 82.4%, and 97.2%. Compared with straw mulching, the straw decomposition rate of straw burying increased by 15.0 percentage points on average, and the release rates of straw carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increased by 16.7, 18.0, 15.4 percentage points, and 1.5 percentage points on average. The reduced return to the field in different returning treatments significantly promoted the decomposition of straw and the release of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus but had no significant effect on the release of straw potassium. The cumulative release of straw nutrients was the highest in straw burying and full returning, and the cumulative release of straw carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was 2 500.1, 54.9, 5.7 kg · hm-2, and 121.2 kg · hm-2. The substitution potential of straw returning to nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer was high, and the substitution potential of straw returning to phosphorus fertilizer was low. Based on the above research results, it is an important way to improve resource utilization efficiency and ecological benefits and realize green production by adopting different straw-returning methods according to local conditions, scientifically allocating straw resources, and rationally applying fertilizers in combination with crop nutrient requirements. |
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