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| 减氮配施羊粪对库尔勒香梨园土壤真菌群落的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen reduction and sheep excrement application on soil fungal communities in Korla scented pear orchards |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-06 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0786 |
| 中文关键词: 库尔勒香梨，氮肥，羊粪，真菌群落，土壤养分 |
| 英文关键词: Korla scented pear, nitrogen fertilizer, sheep excrement, fungal community, soil nutrient |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题（2021D04005）；国家自然科学基金项目（32360802，31960639）；新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目（2022SNGGGCC017）；新疆现代农业产业技术体系人才项目（XJLGCYJSTX05-2024-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究减氮配施半腐熟羊粪对库尔勒香梨园土壤真菌群落的影响，提出最佳氮肥减施用量与羊粪配比，本研究以10~12年生库尔勒香梨栽植园0~20 cm土壤样品为试材，设置常规施肥处理（NPK）以及三个氮肥减量处理（N1PK、N2PK、N3PK，分别较常规施氮量减少10%、20%、30%）和两个羊粪配施量处理（OF1、OF2，分别施羊粪22 500、33 750 kg·hm-2），并记为N、N1F1、N2F1、N3F1、N1F2、N2F2、N3F2，利用高通量测序技术测定土壤理化性质与土壤真菌群落结构组成及群落多样性的关系。结果表明，成熟期N3F1、N3F2处理子囊菌门相对丰度与N处理相比显著提高了97.3%、95.3%。膨果期N2F2处理链格孢属相对丰度较N处理显著增加4 100倍；成熟期N2F1处理爪甲白癣菌相对丰度较N处理显著增加了182倍。N1F1、N2F2、N3F2处理对真菌群落α多样性指数的丰富度和多样性、均匀度有显著促进作用。土壤全氮、全碳、有机碳、硝态氮、电导率、pH值是影响微生物真菌群落结构的重要环境因素。硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾、pH、电导率是影响土壤真菌群落α多样性的主要因子。研究表明，10~12年树龄的库尔勒香梨园在完全施氮（300 kg·hm-2）基础上减氮 20%~30%（210~240 kg·hm-2），同时配施羊粪 22 500~33 750 kg·hm-2，更有利于维护香梨园土壤微生物区系的稳定与健康。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study collected 0-20 cm soil samples of 10-12 years old Korla-scented pear orchards as test material to investigate the effect of nitrogen reduction and application of half-rotted sheep excrement on soil fungal community in Korla-scented pear orchards, proposing an optimal nitrogen fertilizer reduction and sheep excrement ratio to optimize the fertilization of Korla-scented pears. The conventional fertilization treatment（NPK）, three nitrogen fertilizer reduction gradients（N1PK, N2PK, and N3PK, 10%, 20%, and 30% less than the conventional application of nitrogen, respectively）, and two sheep excrement rationing gradients（OF1 and OF2, 22, 500 kg·hm-2 and 33, 750 kg·hm-2 of sheep excrement, respectively）were combined to form the nitrogen fertilizer reduction rationing sheep excrement experiment（denoted as N, N1F1, N2F1, N3F1, N1F2, N2F2, N3F2, respectively）. The relationship between soil physicochemical properties and the structural composition and community diversity of soil fungal communities was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly increased by 97.3% and 95.3% in N3F1 and N3F2 treatments, respectively, compared with N treatment. The relative abundance of Arthrographis and Alternari spp. was increased 182- and 4 100-fold in the N2F1 and N2F2 treatments, respectively, compared with N treatment. The richness, diversity, and evenness of α-diversity indices of fungal communities were significantly promoted by the treatments of N1F1, N2F2, and N3F2. Homogeneity was significantly promoted. Soil total nitrogen, total carbon, organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, conductivity, and pH were important environmental factors affecting the structure of microbial fungal communities. Nitrate nitrogen, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity were the main factors affecting the α-diversity of soil fungal communities. Moreover, it is recommended to reduce nitrogen by 20%-30%（210-240 kg·hm-2）based on complete nitrogen application（300 kg·hm-2）in 10-12-year-old Kuril pear orchards. Moreover, the application of sheep excrement（22 500-33 750 kg·hm-2）is more conducive to maintaining the stability and health of soil microbial communities in pear orchards. |
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