生物有机肥减少菜地土壤N<sub>2</sub>O排放的潜力与机制

田伟; 程梓伦; 周琪; 冷熠; 韩召强; 王金阳; 邹建文

文章摘要

生物有机肥减少菜地土壤N₂O排放的潜力与机制

Potential and mechanisms of bio-organic fertilizer in reducing N₂O emission from vegetable soil

投稿时间：2024-01-04

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0008

中文关键词: 生物有机肥，氧化亚氮，芽孢杆菌，温室蔬菜，可持续发展

英文关键词: bio-organic fertilizer, nitrous oxide, Bacillus, greenhouse vegetable, sustainable development

基金项目:南京农业大学三亚研究院引导资金项目（KYTZ2023017）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2023M731725）

作者	单位	E-mail
田伟	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095 颍上县农业绿色发展推进中心, 安徽阜阳 236200
程梓伦	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095 南京农业大学三亚研究院, 海南三亚 572025
周琪	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095 南京农业大学三亚研究院, 海南三亚 572025
冷熠	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095
韩召强	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095 颍上县农业绿色发展推进中心, 安徽阜阳 236200	zqhan@njau.edu.cn
王金阳	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095 颍上县农业绿色发展推进中心, 安徽阜阳 236200
邹建文	南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095 颍上县农业绿色发展推进中心, 安徽阜阳 236200

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中文摘要:

富含植物根际益生菌的生物有机肥替代矿质氮肥作为改善土壤质量和提高作物产量的有效措施被广泛推广。然而，目前尚缺乏生物有机肥对土壤氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放影响的综合评估。为了探究生物有机肥替代矿质氮肥对土壤N₂O排放的影响及潜在微生物驱动机制，以菜地土壤为研究对象，通过室内盆栽试验，采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法和Illumina高通量测序，研究不同施肥处理（常规施肥，CF；富含芽孢杆菌的生物有机肥，BOF；经过γ射线灭菌的BOF，MBOF）下N₂O排放特征、小白菜生物量、土壤理化性质以及微生物群落结构变化。结果表明，与CF处理相比，BOF可减少42.25%的N₂O排放，同时增加15.52%的小白菜生物量。而与 BOF 处理相比，MBOF 处理 N₂O 累积排放量增加 7.22%。生物有机肥替代矿质氮肥降低了土壤 NH⁺₄-N 含量并提高了AOA-amoA基因的丰度，BOF土壤中较低的NH⁺₄-N含量可能更有利于AOA主导氨氧化过程，导致单位N₂O-N排放的减少。相关性分析结果表明，髌骨菌门（Patescibacteria）与 N₂O排放呈正相关，与 nosZⅡ功能基因丰度呈负相关，BOF处理下 N₂O低排放可能与细菌共生网络中以Patescibacteria为代表的关键物种丰度增加有关。此外，土壤芽孢杆菌丰度与（AOA+AOB+nirK+nirS）/nosZⅠ值呈负相关，BOF处理中较高丰度的芽孢杆菌可能通过改变氮循环功能基因的丰度降低硝化和反硝化过程的N₂O/N₂产物比。由此可见，生物有机肥替代矿质氮肥是一种兼具增产和减少N₂O排放的环境友好型施肥策略。

英文摘要:

The substitution of mineral nitrogen fertilizers by bio-organic fertilizers enriched with inter-root probiotics has been promoted as an effective measure to improve soil quality and crop yields. However, comprehensive assessment of the impact of bio-organic fertilizers on soil nitrous oxide（N₂O）emissions is lacking. Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing mineral fertilizers with bio-organic fertilizers on N₂O emissions and the potential microbial driving mechanisms in vegetable soils. The experiment was designed with three treatments containing conventional fertilizer（CF）, bio-organic fertilizer enriched with Bacillus（BOF）, and BOF sterilized by γ- radiation（MBOF）. Cabbage biomass, soil N₂O fluxes, and related physicochemical properties and microbial community structure were determined in the experiment using the static chamber-GC method and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the BOF treatment reduced cumulative N₂O emissions by 42.25% while increasing cabbage biomass by 15.52% when compared with the CF treatment. In contrast, the MBOF treatment increased cumulative N₂O emissions by 7.22% in comparison with the BOF treatment. The BOF treatment with lower NH⁺₄-N concentration and higher abundance of AOA-amoA genes might contribute in reducing N₂O emissions. The correlation analysis results showed that Patescibacteria was positively correlated with N₂O emissions and negatively correlated with the abundance of nosZ Ⅱ functional genes. The lower N₂O emissions under BOF treatment might be associated with an increase in the abundance of Patescibacteria, a key representative species in the bacterial co-occurrence network. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed a negatively correlated relationship between the abundance of Bacillus and the（AOA + AOB + nirK + nirS）/nosZ Ⅰ ratio, which suggested that the higher abundance of Bacillus from BOF treatment might reduce the ratio of N₂O/N₂ by changing the abundance of soil functional associated with N cycling. In conclusion, the substitution of mineral nitrogen fertilizers for bio-organic fertilizers is an environmentally friendly fertilization strategy with both yield increase and N₂O emission reduction.

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