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| 有机肥等氮替代对巢湖流域稻麦产量及土壤肥力的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen substitution via organic fertilizer on rice and wheat yield and soil fertility in the Chaohu Lake basin |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-16 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0735 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥，水稻，小麦，产量，土壤肥力，养分吸收 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizer, rice, wheat, yield, soil fertility, nutrient absorption |
| 基金项目:农村农业部农业资源环境保护项目（13210091） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘莹 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 李陈 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 骆美 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 高庭峰 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 范松 | 巢湖市农业环保站, 合肥 238000 | | | 马友华 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | | | 朱林 | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 | zhulin@ahau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为推动巢湖流域秸秆及畜禽粪便资源化利用，建立巢湖流域稻麦轮作区有机肥替代化肥技术模式，以巢湖地区典型稻-麦轮作体系为对象，本研究设置8个处理，分别为CK（不施肥）、CF（常规施肥）以及100%、50%、30%猪粪和秸秆等氮替代化肥处理，对稻麦产量、肥料利用效率及土壤肥力进行分析。结果表明：50% 秸秆有机肥替代处理下，小麦和水稻产量最高，分别为4 611.11、10 364.44 kg·hm-2，相较于常规处理无显著差异。100%有机肥替代处理显著降低作物产量（P<0.05）。秸秆有机肥替代处理下，小麦、水稻平均产量高于猪粪有机肥替代处理。50%有机肥替代处理有效提高了小麦、水稻季氮、磷素偏生产力，相较于常规处理，小麦季氮素、磷素偏生产力平均提高14.64%、4.35%，水稻季氮素偏生产力平均增幅为13.13%。100%有机肥替代处理则显著降低了作物养分吸收利用率（P<0.05）。有机肥等氮替代能有效提高土壤pH及养分含量，并与替代比例呈正相关。综合分析稻麦生长情况及土壤理化性质，有机肥等氮替代化肥在本试验条件下是适宜巢湖流域稻麦轮作生长的化肥减量增效模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To promote resource utilization of straw and livestock manure in the Chaohu Lake basin, a technical model was established to replace chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in the rice-wheat rotation area of the Chaohu Lake basin. On the basis of the typical ricewheat rotation system in Chaohu Lake, in this study, 8 treatments were set up, namely CK（no fertilization）, CF（conventional fertilization）, and 100%, 50%, and 30% of pig manure and straw instead of fertilizer treatments, and rice-wheat yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency, and soil fertility were analyzed to provide scientific support for fertilizer reduction and crop increase in Chaohu Lake basin. Under 50% straw organic fertilizer replacement treatment, wheat and rice yields were the highest（4 611.11 kg·hm-2 and 10 364.44 kg·hm-2, respectively）, which was not significantly different from the yields obtained using the conventional treatment. The 100% organic fertilizer replacement treatment significantly decreased crop yield（P<0.05）. The average yield of wheat and rice was higher under straw than under pig manure organic fertilizer replacement treatment. The 50% organic fertilizer replacement treatment effectively increased the seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus productivity of wheat and rice. When compared with conventional treatment, the average increase in nitrogen and phosphorus productivity of wheat was 14.64% and 4.35%, and the average increase in nitrogen productivity of rice was 13.13%. The 100% organic fertilizer replacement treatment significantly reduced the nutrient uptake and utilization rate of crops（P<0.05）. Nitrogen substitution via organic fertilizer effectively increased soil pH and nutrient content and was positively correlated with the replacement ratio. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of rice-wheat growth and soil physical/chemical properties, nitrogen substitution via organic fertilizer treatment is suitable for efficient fertilizer utilization during rice-wheat rotation in Chaohu Lake basin. |
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