有机肥长期施用对红壤性水稻土磷组分和土壤酶活性的影响

付蔷; 秦方锦; 魏亮; 王双; 王萍; 祝贞科; 葛体达; 刘亚龙

文章摘要

有机肥长期施用对红壤性水稻土磷组分和土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of long-term fertilization on phosphorus fractions and soil-enzyme activities in red paddy soil

投稿时间：2023-11-26

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0761

中文关键词: 水稻土，水稻生长季，有机肥，根际，胞外酶活性，磷组分

英文关键词: paddy soil, rice growing season, organic fertilizer, rhizosphere, extracellular enzyme activity, phosphorus fraction

基金项目:浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目（2023C02016）；宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目（2022Z169）；国家自然科学基金项目（42207343，41977088，41807089）

作者	单位	E-mail
付蔷	沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室, 沈阳 110866 宁波大学植物病毒学研究所, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315211
秦方锦	宁波市农业技术推广总站, 浙江宁波 315000
魏亮	宁波大学植物病毒学研究所, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315211
王双	宁波大学植物病毒学研究所, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315211
王萍	沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室, 沈阳 110866
祝贞科	宁波大学植物病毒学研究所, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315211
葛体达	宁波大学植物病毒学研究所, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315211
刘亚龙	沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室, 沈阳 110866	yalongliu@aliyun.com

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中文摘要:

为探讨水稻土磷组分和胞外酶活性对不同施肥措施的响应，本研究以湖南长沙农业环境观测研究站长期施肥的典型红壤性水稻土为研究对象，分析不同施肥措施对水稻根际与非根际土壤磷组分和胞外酶活性的影响。试验共设3个处理，分别是不施磷肥对照组（CK）、氮磷钾施肥（NPK）和猪粪施肥（PM），试验地种植早稻和晚稻。两季水稻均于成熟期采集土壤样品，测定微生物生物量碳、氮、磷（MBC、MBN、MBP）含量，与碳氮磷循环相关的 β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、β-1，4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶（NAG）和磷酸酶（AP）活性，以及4 种磷组分[自由扩散和根际截留的磷（CaCl₂-P）、有机酸活化和无机弱结合磷（Citrate-P）、酶矿化的有机磷（Enzyme-P）和潜在活化的无机磷（HCl-P）]。结果表明，添加有机肥可以提高水稻土速效磷（Olsen-P）和MBP含量。早稻时期，根际土 Olsen-P 含量从 4.8 mg·kg^-1增加至 65.5 mg·kg^-1，MBP 含量从 18.1 mg·kg^-1增加至 73.1 mg·kg^-1；晚稻时期，根际土Olsen-P含量从29.8 mg·kg^-1增加至380.7 mg·kg^-1，MBP含量从8.0 mg·kg^-1增加至62.0 mg·kg^-1。此外，添加有机肥增加了早稻根际土壤中AP酶和BG酶活性，而对晚稻时期各类土壤酶活性均无显著影响。施用无机和有机肥能显著增加根际和非根际土HCl-P和Citrate-P含量；施用无机肥显著降低早稻根际和非根际土Enzyme-P含量，显著增加晚稻非根际土CaCl₂-P含量；晚稻时期施用有机肥显著提高Enzyme-P含量以及显著降低CaCl₂-P含量。研究表明，土壤胞外酶活性主要受水稻生长季、含水率、MBC和MBN的直接影响以及根际效应和施肥处理的间接影响，与施用无机肥相比，施用有机肥能显著影响土壤磷组分，提升根际微生物效应。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the response of paddy soil phosphorus fractions and extracellular enzyme activities to different fertilizers, the present study was conducted to analyze the effects of different fertilizers on the phosphorus fractions and extracellular enzyme activities of rhizosphere and bulk soils of paddy by using typical red soils planted for many years with different fertilizers in Changsha Agricultural Environmental Observatory of Hunan Province, which have been planted with rice for many years. Three treatments were set up in the experiment：control group without phosphate fertilizer（CK）, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization（NPK）and pig manure fertilization（PM）, planting early and late rice. Soil samples were collected at maturity in both rice seasons for determination of microbiomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus（MBC, MBN, and MBP）, β-1, 4-glucosidase（BG）, β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase （NAG）, and phosphatase（AP）activities related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, as well as the four phosphorus fractions（freediffusing or inter-root-trapped phosphorus（CaCl₂-P）, organic acid-activated and inorganic weakly bound phosphorus（Citrate-P）, organic phosphorus mineralized by serial enzymes（Enzyme-P）, and potentially activated inorganic phosphorus（HCl-P））. Addition of organic fertilizer increased the rice soil Olsen-P and MBP contents. In the early rice period, the rhizosphere soil Olsen-P content increased from 4.8 mg·kg^-1 to 65.5 mg·kg^-1, and the MBP content increased from 18.1 mg·kg^-1 to 73.1 mg·kg^-1; in the late rice period, the rhizosphere soil Olsen-P content increased from 29.8 mg·kg^-1 to 380.7 mg·kg^-1, and the MBP content increased from 8.0 mg·kg^-1 to 62.0 mg·kg^-1. In addition, adding organic fertilizer increased AP enzyme and BG enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil during the early rice period, while it had no significant effect on all soil enzyme activities during the late rice period. Under the addition of inorganic and organic fertilizers, the different phosphorus fractions of rice soil showed significant changes：application of inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased the contents of HCl-P and Citrate-P in the rhizosphere and bulk soils during the early and late rice periods. Application of inorganic fertilizers significantly decreased the contents of Enzyme-P in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of the early rice, and significantly increased the contents of CaCl₂-P in bulk soils of the late rice; and application of organic fertilizers during the late rice period significantly increased the contents of Enzyme-P as well as significantly reduced the contents of CaCl₂-P. Soil extracellular enzyme activities were mainly affected directly by rice growing season, water content, MBC, and MBN, as well as indirectly by rhizosphere effects and fertilization treatments. Compared with the application of inorganic fertilizers, the application of organic fertilizers can significantly affect the soil phosphorus fraction and enhance the inter-root microbial effect, which is a guide to enhance the soil fertility of paddy fields.

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