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| 国外农田土壤减排增汇方法学综述及对我国的启示 |
| A review of methodologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing soil carbon sink in farmland and implications for China |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-22 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0756 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤，农田，减排增汇，方法学，自愿减排标准 |
| 英文关键词: soil, farmland, reducing greenhouse gases emission and increasing soil carbon sink, methodology, voluntary emission reduction standard |
| 基金项目:科技基础资源调查专项（2021FY101004） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 代旭焕 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | | | 王斌 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | 397012293@qq.com | | 望甜 | 湖北汽车工业学院经济管理学院, 湖北 十堰 442002 | 20220039@huat.edu.cn | | 王谦 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012
土壤中心嘉善双碳创新研究院, 浙江 嘉兴 314117 | | | 李云 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012
土壤中心嘉善双碳创新研究院, 浙江 嘉兴 314117 | | | 李志涛 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012
土壤中心嘉善双碳创新研究院, 浙江 嘉兴 314117 | | | 方菲 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012
土壤中心嘉善双碳创新研究院, 浙江 嘉兴 314117 | | | 秦晓鹏 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012
土壤中心嘉善双碳创新研究院, 浙江 嘉兴 314117 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤碳库是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库，农田土壤碳库在全球碳循环中最为活跃且具有较大增汇潜力。系统梳理国外农田土壤减排增汇方法学对于丰富国内相关方法学、促进土壤碳汇交易、开拓农田生态产品价值实现路径具有重要意义。本文在解析农田土壤减排增汇相关概念的基础上，对国外自愿减排标准及其农田土壤减排增汇方法学进行了综述。当前主要的自愿减排标准包括清洁发展机制（CDM）、核证碳标准（VCS）、黄金标准（GS）等。农田土壤减排增汇方法学主要聚焦于三个方面：通过稻田优化管理减少CH4排放，通过农田氮肥优化管理减少N2O排放，通过保护性耕作或水分管理提高土壤有机碳含量。我国农田土壤减排增汇具有巨大潜力，而相关方法学仍较为欠缺，建议未来建立农田土壤减排增汇方法学体系、加强政策体系的激励机制、确保土壤碳汇有效性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems. Farmland soil is the most active carbon pool in the global carbon cycle and has great potential to increase carbon sink. Reviewing methodologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing soil carbon sinks, promoting soil carbon trading, and exploring ways to realize the value of ecological products in farmland is of great significance for enriching the relevant methodologies in China. Based on reviewing the relevant concepts of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon sinks in farmland soil, this paper reviewed voluntary emission reduction standards and their approved methodologies for reducing emissions and increasing sinks in farmland soils. The study showed that the main voluntary emission reduction standards included the Clean Development Mechanism（CDM）, Verified Carbon Standard（VCS）, and the Gold Standard（GS）. The methodologies for reducing emissions and increasing sinks in farmland soils mainly focus on reducing CH4 emissions through optimized management of rice fields, reducing N2O emissions through optimized management of nitrogen fertilizers on farmland, and increasing soil organic carbon through conservation tillage or water management. In China, farmland soil has excellent potential to increase carbon sinks and decrease greenhouse gas emissions, but relevant methodologies are still lacking. The study suggests that in the future, it is necessary to establish the methodologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing soil carbon sinks in farmland, strengthen the incentive mechanism of the policy system, and ensure the effectiveness of certified emission on reduction and soil carbon sinks. |
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