不同水分条件下黑膜覆盖和根际促生菌对棉花生理特性与产量的影响

吴雄; 王超凡; 查世云; 赵晓; 郭潘潘; 陈金亮; 丁日升

文章摘要

不同水分条件下黑膜覆盖和根际促生菌对棉花生理特性与产量的影响

Effects of black plastic mulch and PGPR on cotton′s physiological characteristics and yield under different water conditions

投稿时间：2024-08-26

DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0666

中文关键词: 根际促生菌，水分亏缺，黑膜，棉花，纤维品质，干物质积累

英文关键词: PGPR, water deficit, black plastic mulch, cotton, fiber quality, dry matter accumulation

基金项目:国家重点研究发展计划项目（2021YFD1900802）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2301103）

作者	单位	E-mail
吴雄	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083
王超凡	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083
查世云	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083
赵晓	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083
郭潘潘	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083
陈金亮	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083	chenjinliang@cau.edu.cn
丁日升	农业水资源高效利用国家重点实验室, 北京 100083 甘肃省武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃武威 733009 中国农业大学中国农业水资源研究中心, 北京 100083

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中文摘要:

本研究旨在探讨黑膜覆盖和根际促生菌（PGPR）在不同水分条件下对棉花生长、生理特性及纤维品质的影响。2022年大田试验在充分灌溉（W1）和覆白膜（M1）条件下设置了施用0（W1B0M1）、3（W1B1M1）、6 mL ·株^-1（W1B2M1）和9 mL ·株^-1（W1B3M1）四个浓度PGPR处理，2023年大田试验在充分灌溉（W1）条件下设置了覆白膜处理（W1B0M1）、黑膜处理（W1B0M2）和3 mL·株^-1的PGPR（W1B1M1）处理，在水分亏缺（W2）条件下设置了覆白膜处理（W2B0M1）和3 mL·株^-1的PGPR（W2B1M1）处理，监测与分析了不同试验处理对棉花植株水势、株高、茎粗、果枝数、棉铃数及干物质积累的影响。结果表明：相比充分灌溉不加菌，充分灌溉条件下施用PGPR在一定程度上能够平衡棉花植株营养和生殖生长；黑膜覆盖增强了地下部分生长，对棉花产量与品质的形成产生负效应；水分亏缺显著降低了植株籽棉产量，降幅为23.5%，对茎粗、棉铃数、皮棉产量和最终的棉铃干质量没有显著影响。相比水分亏缺不加菌，水分亏缺条件下施加PGPR显著提高了植株茎粗和棉铃数，增幅分别为16.8%和57.7%，对株高、籽棉和皮棉产量没有显著影响。尽管各处理均降低了棉纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度和马克隆值，但其影响均不显著。研究表明，低浓度PGPR（B1）在充分灌溉条件下显著促进了棉花的生殖生长，而高浓度PGPR效果较弱。在水分亏缺条件下，PGPR改善了棉花的水分状况并增强了抗旱性，尽管对产量有一定促进作用，但未达显著性。此外，黑膜覆盖通过升高土壤温度抑制了棉花的生长和产量，尤其是籽棉和皮棉产量显著下降。

英文摘要:

This study aims to explore the effects of black plastic mulch and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR）on cotton growth, physiological characteristics, and fiber quality under different water conditions. In 2022, under full irrigation（W1）, four PGPR concentrations were applied：0（W1B0M1）, 3（W1B1M1）, 6 mL·plant-（1 W1B2M1）, and 9 mL·plant-（1 W1B3M1）, all with white plastic mulch（M1）. In 2023, under full irrigation（W1）, treatments included white plastic mulch（W1B0M1）, black plastic mulch（W1B0M2）, and 3 mL·plant^-1 PGPR with white plastic mulch（W1B1M1）. Under water deficit（W2）, treatments included white plastic mulch（W2B0M1） and 3 mL·plant^-1 PGPR with white plastic mulch（W2B1M1）. Plant water potential, height, stem diameter, fruiting branch number, boll number, and dry matter accumulation were measured and analyzed across all treatments. Under water deficit conditions, the treatments included white plastic mulch（W2B0M1）and 3 mL·plant^-1 of PGPR（W2B1M1）. The effects of these treatments on plant water potential, plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches, number of cotton bolls, and dry matter accumulation were monitored and analyzed. The results indicate that, compared to fully irrigated conditions without PGPR treatment, the application of PGPR under fully irrigated conditions can balance the vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton plants to some extent; black plastic mulch enhanced underground growth but negatively affected cotton yield and quality; Water deficit significantly reduced seed cotton yield, with decrease of 23.5%. However, it had no significant effect on stem diameter, boll number, lint yield, or final boll dry weight. In comparison to water deficit, the application of PGPR under water deficit conditions significantly increased stem diameter and boll number, with increases of 8.7% and 18.2%, respectively, but had no significant effect on plant height, seed cotton yield, or lint yield. Although all treatments reduced the upper half mean length, uniformity index, breaking strength, and micronaire value of cotton fiber, their effects were not significant. The study indicates that low-concentration PGPR（B1）significantly promoted cotton reproductive growth under sufficient irrigation conditions, while the effect of high-concentration PGPR was weaker. Under water deficit conditions, PGPR improved the water status of cotton plants and enhanced drought resistance. Although it had a certain positive effect on yield, the impact was not significant. Furthermore, black film mulching suppressed cotton growth and yield by increasing soil temperature, resulting in a significant reduction in seed cotton and lint cotton yield.

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