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| 滴灌条件下土壤水盐运移规律及模拟研究 |
| The effect of soil water and salt transport and simulation under drip irrigation |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-21 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0556 |
| 中文关键词: 滴灌，棉田，水盐运移，HYDRUS-2D模型 |
| 英文关键词: drip irrigation, cotton field, water and salt transport, HYDRUS-2D model |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900805）;兵团财政科技计划项目（2021AB009） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同滴灌灌水技术参数下土壤水盐运移规律，于2019年6月1—27日在新疆阿克苏地区一师二团进行滴灌试验，试验设置不同的灌水定额（300、450、600 m3·hm-2）和滴头流量（2.4、4.5、8.2 L·h-1），受试土壤为砂壤土和壤土，并利用试验数据构建膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐HYDRUS-2D数值模型。结果表明：土壤平均含水率和表层脱盐率均随着灌水定额和滴头流量的增大而增大。随着灌水定额的增大，砂壤土和壤土垂直脱盐深度逐渐增大，灌水定额为600 m3·hm-2时最大，分别为92 cm和58 cm。随着滴头流量的增大，壤土垂直脱盐深度逐渐减小。滴头流量为8.2 L·h-1时，壤土垂直脱盐深度最小，为38 cm。土壤含水率和含盐量实测值与模拟值之间的决定系数介于0.89~0.93之间，纳什效率系数（NSE）介于0.82~0.89之间，均方根误差（RMSE）介于0.01~0.25之间，说明HYDRUS-2D模型能够很好地模拟阿克苏地区土壤水盐运移。研究表明，试验区膜下滴灌棉田滴头流量为2.4 L·h-1、棉花出苗水不小于225 m3·hm-2是适宜的滴灌灌水技术参数。在灌溉定额有限的情况下尽量采用较大灌水定额，壤土采用小滴头流量，砂壤土则采用大滴头流量，这有利于作物根系脱盐，最终可达到增产的目的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effect of soil water and salt movement under various drip irrigation parameters, a drip irrigation experiment was carried out in the second regiment of the first division in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang from June 1st to 27th, 2019. Different irrigation quotas（300, 450, 600 m3·hm-2）and emitter flow rates（2.4, 4.5, 8.2 L·h-1）were set in the experiment. The tested soils included sandy loam and loam. The effect of emitter flow and irrigation quota on water and salt transport in two soils were analyzed, and the HYDRUS-2D numerical model of soil water and salt in cotton field under mulched drip irrigation was built using the experimental data. The results showed the average soil moisture content in the soil and the rate of surface desalination both with higher irrigation quota and increased emitter flow rate. With the increase of irrigation quota, the vertical desalination depth of sandy loam and loam gradually increased, and the maximum value was 92 cm and 58 cm when the irrigation quota was 600 m3·hm-2. With the increase of emitter flow rate, the vertical desalination depth of loam decreased gradually. When the emitter flow rate was 8.2 L·h-1, the vertical desalination depth of loam was the smallest, and its value was 38 cm. The coefficient of determination between the measured and simulated values of soil moisture content and salinity ranged from 0.89 to 0.93, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient ranged from 0.82 to 0.89, and the Root Mean Square Error ranged from 0.01 to 0.25. This demonstrates that the HYDRUS-2D model was capable of accurately simulating the movement of soil water and salt in the Aksu region. The results showed that the emitter flow rate of cotton under mulch drip irrigation in the experimental area was 2.4 L · h-1, and an irrigation water volume for cotton emergence was not less than 225 m3 · hm-2, which was the appropriate technical parameters for drip irrigation. In the case of limited irrigation amount, try to use larger irrigation quota, use small emitter flow for loam soil, and use large emitter flow for sandy loam soil, which is conducive to desalination of crop roots, and ultimately achieve the purpose of increasing production. |
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