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| 博斯腾湖容泄区农田暗管排盐参数优化研究 |
| Study on optimization of salt discharge parameters of farmland subsurface pipe in Bosten Lake discharge area |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-31 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0693 |
| 中文关键词: 盐碱地，暗管排盐，水盐分布，全周年 |
| 英文关键词: saline-alkali land, salt drainage by subsurface pipe, water and salt distribution, full anniversary |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900800） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 445 |
| 全文下载次数: 164 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同暗管布置全周年下博斯腾湖容泄区农田土壤水盐空间变化特征及其对油葵产量的影响，优选适宜当地的暗管排盐参数，以推动新疆盐碱地治理，本研究以南疆博湖县盐碱农田为研究对象，设置1.4（D1）、1.6 m（D2）两种暗管埋深，以及20（S1）、30（S2）、40 m（S3）三种间距，选取一周年灌溉时期开展研究，分析春灌漫灌+生育期滴灌下土壤剖面水盐变化及其对油葵产量影响。结果表明，暗管间距1/2区域内土壤的整体盐分随水被淋洗至下层，各处理0~60 cm土层土壤含盐量显著降低。土壤剖面水盐静态分布受暗管间距、埋深影响。春灌处理全生育期整体均表现为暗管间距越小、埋深越深，土壤含水率越小，且水分分布越均匀，土壤含盐量越低。暗管间距为20 m的土壤脱盐率优于30 m及40 m间距处理，全生育期1.6 m埋深、20 m间距处理0~60 cm土层脱盐率达到37.92%，显著高于其他处理，且油葵产量最高，为3 187.61 kg·hm-2。研究表明，暗管排盐受间距影响较大，受埋深影响较小，小间距和较深埋深的暗管布置有利于排盐。考虑经济效益条件下，博斯腾湖容泄区盐碱地滴灌适宜的暗管参数为埋深1.4 m、间距20 m，有利于土壤脱盐和油葵增产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the spatial variation characteristics of soil water and salt in the farmland of Bosten Lake drainage area and its influence on the yield of oil sunflower, the study was carried out under different subsurface pipe arrangements throughout the year, so as to optimize the appropriate local subsurface pipe salt discharge parameters and promote the management of saline-alkali land in Xinjiang, China. Taking saline-alkali farmland in Bohu County of southern Xinjiang as the research object, two kinds of buried pipes with buried depths of 1.4 m（D1）and 1.6 m（D2）and three spacings of 20（S1）, 30 m（S2）, and 40 m（S3）were set up. The one-year irrigation period was selected and the changes of water and salt in soil profile and their effects on yield under spring flood irrigation + drip irrigation during growth period were analyzed. The overall soil salinity in the 1/2 spacing area was leached into the lower layer with water, and the soil salinity in the 0-60 cm soil layer in each treatment was significantly reduced. The static distribution of water and salt in soil profile is affected by the spacing and buried depth of underground pipes. The whole growth period of spring irrigation treatment showed that the smaller the spacing of subsurface pipes, the deeper the buried depth, the smaller the soil water content and the more uniform the water distribution, and the lower the soil salt content. The soil desalination rate of 20 m spacing was better than that of 30 m and 40 m spacing. The desalination rate of 0-60 cm soil layer reached 37.92% in the treatment of 1.6 m buried depth and 20 m of spacing in the whole growth period, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the highest yield was 3 187.61 kg·hm-2. The salt discharge of the underground pipe is greatly affected by the spacing, and is less affected by the buried depth. Small spacing and deep buried pipe arrangement are conducive to salt discharge. It is suggested that the optimal buried depth and spacing are 1.4 m and 20 m, respectively, under drip irrigation in saline-alkali soil in the discharge area of Bosten Lake, which is beneficial to soil desalination and yield increase. |
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