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| 氮肥滴施时机对北疆盐渍化土壤水盐氮分布的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen drip application timing on the distribution of water，salt，and nitrogen in saline soil in northern Xinjiang, China |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-31 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0689 |
| 中文关键词: 滴施时机，盐渍化土壤，水分，盐分，15N |
| 英文关键词: timing of drip application, salinized soil, water content, salt, 15N |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900803）;新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B02020-2） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同氮肥滴施时机对盐渍化与非盐渍化土壤水盐氮分布的影响，本研究以新疆克拉玛依典型盐渍化滴灌棉田土壤为试材，采用15N示踪方法，以非盐渍化土壤为对照，设置了三种不同滴水后再加氮肥的处理，即先滴水1 h再加入氮肥（S1）、先滴水（1+1/3t）h再加入氮肥（S2）和先滴水（1+2/3t）h再加入氮肥（S3）（其中t为花铃期农户习惯的灌水周期时长，7 h），进行室内模拟土槽试验。结果表明：在相同施氮时机下，盐渍化土壤氮素迁移与分布明显不同于非盐渍化土壤，盐渍化土壤中氮素更易淋洗至下层，而非盐渍化土壤的氮素呈现表层聚集特征，0~20 cm的土层中，非盐渍化土壤15N丰度比盐渍化土壤高79.07%。在盐渍化条件下，不同氮肥滴施时机并未对土壤剖面水盐分布产生显著影响，但各土层中15N丰度相差较大，S2处理下土壤剖面中平均15N丰度最高，相较于S1和S3处理分别高出24.39%和4.08%，说明氮肥投入时间合理后移，有利于土壤中氮素的累积，从而提高氮肥利用效率。因此，建议北疆盐碱地棉花氮肥滴施应较农户习惯施肥合理推迟，有利于作物根系层盐分驱离和氮素的富集，提高氮肥利用率，但仍需进一步的田间试验验证。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of different timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on the distribution of water, nitrogen, and salt in saline and non saline soils. In this study, the typical saline drip irrigation cotton field soil in Karamay, Xinjiang, was used as the test material, and the non saline soil was used as the control. Three treatments were set up, namely, first dripping for 1 h, then adding nitrogen fertilizer（S1）, first dripping for（1+1/3t）h, then adding nitrogen fertilizer（S2）, and first dripping for（1+2/3t）h, adding nitrogen fertilizer （S3）（where t is the length of an irrigation cycle that farmers are accustomed to during the flowering and ringing period, which equal to 7 hours）. The indoor simulated soil tank experiment was conducted by using the 15N tracing method. The results showed that under the same nitrogen application timing, the migration and distribution of nitrogen in saline soil are significantly different from those in non saline soil. Nitrogen in saline soil is more easily leached to the lower layer, while nitrogen in non saline soil exhibits surface aggregation characteristics. The abundance of 15N in non saline soil was 79.07% higher than that in saline soil under 0-20 cm soil layer. Under saline conditions, different timing of nitrogen fertilizer application did not have a significant effect on soil profile water and salt distribution, but there was a significant difference in the abundance of 15N among different soil layers（P<0.05）. The soil profile under S2 treatment had the highest 15N abundance, which was 24.39% and 4.08% higher than that under S1 and S3 treatments, respectively. indicating that a reasonable delay in nitrogen fertilizer application time was beneficial for the enrichment of nitrogen in the soil, thereby improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is suggested that the drip of nitrogen fertilizer application for cotton in saline alkali land in northern Xinjiang should be reasonably delayed compared to the fertilization habits of farmers, which is beneficial for salt removal and nitrogen enrichment in the root layer of cotton and can improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency. However, further field experiments are still needed to verify this. |
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