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| 不同改良措施对南疆盐碱土壤特性及玉米和油葵生长的影响 |
| Effect of different improvement measures on soil characteristics and the growth of maize and oil sunflower in the saline soil area of southern Xinjiang, China |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-02 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0483 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤改良剂，微生物菌剂，玉米，油葵，土壤储水量，脱盐率 |
| 英文关键词: soil amendment, microbial agent, maize, oil sunflower, soil water storage, desalination rate |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900802，2022YFD1900405）;兵团重点领域科技攻关项目（2022AB011-01）;国家自然科学基金项目（52369011） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 梁永辉 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832000
兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心, 新疆 石河子 832000 | | | 王振华 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832000
兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心, 新疆 石河子 832000 | wzh2002027@163.com | | 李海强 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832000
兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心, 新疆 石河子 832000 | | | 李文昊 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832000
兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心, 新疆 石河子 832000 | | | 马占利 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832000
兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心, 新疆 石河子 832000 | | | 张金珠 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室, 新疆 石河子 832000
兵团农业水肥高效关键装备技术创新中心, 新疆 石河子 832000 | xjshzzjz@sina.cn | | 郑继亮 | 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院, 新疆 石河子 832000
新疆心连心能源化工有限公司, 新疆 昌吉 832200 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同土壤改良措施对南疆盐碱土壤改良及作物生长的影响，本研究在新疆生产建设兵团第十四师224团5 000亩暗管排盐示范区开展试验，分别以常规施肥下玉米（MCK）和油葵（OCK）作物为对照，施加土壤改良剂（MC，OC）、微生物菌剂（MB，OB）、土壤改良剂+微生物菌剂（MCB，OCB）三种土壤添加剂，分析了土壤添加剂施加对土壤特性（容重、pH、含水率、储盐量）及玉米和油葵生长的影响。结果表明：施加土壤添加剂能有效降低土壤容重、pH、土壤储盐量，提高土壤保水性和脱盐率。相比于MCK处理，OCB处理显著降低土壤容重3.07%、pH 2.70%、土壤储盐量20.00%，提高土壤储水量13.06%、土壤脱盐率106.45%。此外，相比于对照处理，土壤改良剂+微生物菌剂处理能够显著提高玉米地上部干物质量27.97%、玉米产量27.44%，提升油葵地上部干物质量16.18%、油葵产量13.80%，最终提高两种作物的实际经济效益。综上，土壤改良剂与微生物菌剂共同施加能够有效改善土壤特性、提高作物生长和产量，进而带来更高的生态效益和经济效益，且合理种植耐盐作物可进一步缓解农田盐碱状况。本研究为干旱区盐碱地改良提供一种切实可行的参考方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the response effect of different soil improvement measures on soil improvement and crop growth in the saline soil area of southern Xinjiang, China, an experiment was conducted in a demonstration area of 5 000 mu with subsurface pipe salt discharge, located in the 224 Regiment of the 14th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Maize（MCK）and oil sunflower （OCK）crops under conventional fertilization served as controls. Three types of soil additives were applied：soil amendment（MC, OC）, microbial agent（MB, OB）, and a combination of soil amendment and microbial agent（MCB, OCB）. The objective was to dissect the influence of these soil additives on soil properties（bulk density, pH, water content, and salt storage）, as well as the growth performance of maize and oil sunflower. The results showed that the application of soil additives effectively reduced soil bulk density, pH, and soil salt storage, and improved soil water storage and desalination rate. Compared with MCK treatment, OCB treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density by 3.07%, pH by 2.70%, soil salt storage by 20.00%, and increased soil water storage by 13.06%, and soil desalination rate by 106.45%. In addition, compared with CK treatment, CB treatment can significantly increased the dry matter mass of maize above-ground by 27.97%, maize yield by 27.44%, dry matter mass of oil sunflower above-ground by 16.18%, and oil sunflower yield by 13.80%, and ultimately improved the actual economic benefits of the two crops. In summary, the combined application of soil amendments and microbial agents effectively enhanced soil quality, boosted crop growth, yield, and brought eco-economic benefits to arid saline-alkali regions, offering a practical solution for land improvement. Moreover, the rational cultivation of salt-tolerant crops would further alleviate salinealkali status of farmland. This study provides a feasible reference for the improvement of saline-alkali arid regions. |
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