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| 有机酸对盐碱土棉花铃期光合特性及生理指标的影响 |
| Effects of organic acids on photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes of cotton at boll stage in saline-alkali soil |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-31 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0691 |
| 中文关键词: 盐碱土，有机酸，抗氧化酶，光合作用，根系形态 |
| 英文关键词: saline-alkali soil, organic acid, antioxidant enzymes, photosynthesis, root morphology |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900802） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究添加不同浓度有机酸对铃期棉花光合特征及生理指标的影响，本研究于2023年在新疆农业大学开展盆栽控制实验，使用喀什市伽师县的两种盐碱土壤，盐度分别为12.8 g·kg-1（中度盐碱土）和19.3 g·kg-1（重度盐碱土），设置5、10 mmol·L-1两种有机酸添加浓度，分别添加草酸（C1）、乙酸（C2）、抗坏血酸（C3）和甲酸（C4）四种有机酸，以不添加有机酸（CK）作为对照组，研究在盐碱土中添加有机酸对棉花光合特征、叶片SPAD值、叶片及根系酶活性、根系生长状况的影响。结果表明：在中度盐碱土中有机酸处理显著增加棉花净光合速率，其中5 mmol·L-1乙酸处理效果最优，提高了122.2%；草酸、乙酸和甲酸处理均显著增加叶片SPAD值，其中10 mmol·L-1乙酸处理SPAD值最高。在中度盐胁迫下，5 mmol·L-1的草酸、乙酸和抗坏血酸显著促进了叶片和根系中过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASA-POD）的活性。对于10 mmol·L-1的有机酸处理，乙酸和甲酸对根系POD和CAT的活性产生了抑制作用。在重度盐胁迫下，各有机酸处理对棉花抗氧化酶活性的提升效果更为显著，其中5 mmol·L-1的草酸、乙酸和抗坏血酸在所有酶中均表现出显著的促进作用，但10 mmol·L-1抗坏血酸对根系CAT的活性产生了抑制作用。对于棉花根系形态，仅有5 mmol·L-1抗坏血酸处理在中度盐碱土中和10 mmol·L-1抗坏血酸处理在重度盐碱土中表现为显著促进根系生长。基于以上结果，本研究推荐添加5 mmol·L-1的乙酸作为盐碱土改良剂使用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of adding different concentrations of organic acids on photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes of cotton in the bolling stage, a pot control experiment was carried out at Xinjiang Agricultural University in 2023. Two kinds of saline-alkali soils from Jishi County, Kashgar City, with a salinity of 12.8 g·kg-1（moderate saline-alkali soil）and salinity of 19.3 g·kg-1（severe saline-alkali soil）were used. Two organic acid additive concentrations of 5 mmol·L-1 and 10 mmol·L-1 were set, and four organic acids, oxalic acid（C1）, acetic acid（C2）, ascorbic acid（C3）and formic acid（C4）, were added respectively. No organic acid （CK）was added as the control group. The effects of organic acids added to saline-alkali soil on photosynthetic characteristics, leaf SPAD, leaf and root enzyme activities, and root growth of cotton were studied. The results showed that the organic acid treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of cotton in the moderate saline-alkali soil, in which 5 mmol·L-1 acetic acid treatment had the best effect, which increased by 122.2%. Oxalic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid treatment significantly increased the SPAD value of leaves, and 10 mmol·L-1 acetic acid treatment had the highest SPAD value. Under moderate salt stress, 5 mmol·L-1 oxalic acid, acetic acid, and ascorbic acid significantly promoted the activities of peroxidase（POD）, catalase（CAT）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）and ascorbate peroxidase（ASA-POD）in leaves and roots. For 10 mmol·L-1 organic acid treatment, acetic acid and formic acid inhibited POD and CAT activities. Under severe salt stress, each organic acid treatment had a more significant effect on the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity of cotton, among which 5 mmol·L-1 oxalic acid, acetic acid, and ascorbic acid showed a significant promotion effect on all enzymes, but 10 mmol · L-1 ascorbic acid inhibited the activity of root CAT. For cotton root morphology, only 5 mmol · L-1 ascorbate treatment in moderate saline soil and 10 mmol · L-1 ascorbate treatment in severe saline soil significantly promoted root growth. Based on the above studies, it is recommended to add 5 mmol·L-1 acetic acid as a saline-alkali soil amendment. |
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