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| 干旱区长期不同灌溉模式及灌溉量对绿洲农田生态系统盐分分布的影响 |
| Comparison of salt distribution and accumulation characteristics of oasis farmland ecosystem under different irrigation modes in arid region |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-27 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2024.0673 |
| 中文关键词: 滴灌，漫灌，灌水定额，农田生态系统，土地利用类型，盐分运移 |
| 英文关键词: drip irrigation, flooding irrigation, irrigation quota, agricultural ecosystem, land use type, salt movement |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900801） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为比较干旱区长期不同灌溉模式及灌溉量对绿洲农田生态系统盐分分布的影响，本研究于2023年4月分别对漫灌麦田、林地，滴灌棉田、苜蓿地，无灌原始荒漠、撂荒地进行了土壤剖面挖掘，用土钻法以20 cm为间隔取0~100 cm剖面土，对其土壤盐分分布进行研究。结果表明：相比原始荒漠及5年撂荒地土壤剖面的含盐量（15.82 g·kg-1和2.83 g·kg-1），长期滴灌与漫灌显著降低了土体盐分，其中漫灌林地和麦田的土壤含盐量分别为1.17 g·kg-1和1.13 g·kg-1，滴灌棉田和苜蓿地的含盐量分别为1.33 g·kg-1和0.92 g·kg-1。此外，在林地和棉田长期灌溉量一致（4 500 m3·hm-2）的情况下，滴灌棉田的含盐量高于林地，且主要分布在0~60 cm土层；在苜蓿地和麦田长期灌水量一致（6 000 m3·hm-2）的情况下，麦田的土壤含盐量略高于苜蓿地，但两者无显著差异。在不考虑灌溉方式的情况下，土壤含盐量及分布与灌溉定额和植被类型有关，土壤含盐量顺序为苜蓿地<麦田<林地<棉田。研究表明：在地下水埋深约7 m的绿洲农田生态系统，长期滴灌与漫灌均加速了土壤盐分的淋洗，年平均4 500 m3·hm-2的灌溉量即能促使0~100 cm的土体空间呈现良好的非盐渍化环境。当灌溉量相同时，灌溉模式不再是影响土壤含盐量的主要因素，0~60 cm土体盐分分布主要取决于植被类型差异；当灌溉模式相同时，0~100 cm土体盐分分布不再受灌溉方式支配，更多取决于灌溉量，灌溉量高能促进土壤盐分淋洗。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to compare the long-term effects of different irrigation modes and irrigation quota on the salt distribution of oasis farmland ecosystems in arid areas, soil profile excavation and sampling were carried out on flooding irrigated wheat fields, forest lands, drip irrigated cotton fields, alfalfa fields, non-irrigated primitive deserts and abandoned lands in April 2023. At the same time, the soil salt distribution was studied by using the“soil drilling method”at 0-100 cm soil with the interval of 20 cm. The results showed that compared with the average salt content of the primitive desert and the five-year abandoned soil（15.82 g · kg-1 and 2.83 g · kg-1）, long-term drip irrigation and flooding irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt, and the average salt content of flood irrigation forest and wheat field was 1.17 g·kg-1 and 1.13 g·kg-1, respectively. The average salt accumulation in drip irrigated cotton field and alfalfa field was 1.33 g·kg-1 and 0.92 g·kg-1, respectively. When the irrigation amount of forest land and cotton land keep the same（4 500 m3·hm-2）in the long term, the salt accumulation of drip irrigation cotton field is higher than that of forest land, and it mainly distributed in 0~60 cm soil layer; When the longterm irrigation amount of alfalfa field and wheat field was the same（6 000 m3·hm-2）, the soil salt content in the wheat land was slightly higher than that in the alfalfa land, but there was no significant difference. Without considering irrigation method, soil salt content and distribution were obviously related to irrigation quota and the vegetation type, and the order of salt accumulation was alfalfa field < wheat field < forest land < cotton field. Consequently, in the oasis farmland ecosystem with about 7 m deep groundwater table, long-term drip irrigation and flood irrigation both accelerate the leaching of soil salt, and the irrigation quota of 4 500 m3·hm-2 per year create a nonsalinization environment in the 0-100 cm soil profile. When the irrigation amount was the same, the irrigation mode was no longer the main factor affecting the soil salt content, and the salt distribution of 0-60 cm soil mainly depended on vegetation type. When the irrigation mode was the same, the salt distribution in 0-100 cm soil profile was no longer controlled by the irrigation mode, but more depended on the irrigation quota. High irrigation quota promoted salt leaching. |
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