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| 三种生物质热解醋液矿物质和有机质组成及其辣椒叶面喷施效应 |
| Organic and inorganic composition of three typical pyrolytic liquids and their effect on capsicum growth with foliar fertilization |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-24 修订日期：2023-11-09 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0606 |
| 中文关键词: 热解醋液，分子组成，辣椒，蔬菜生产，叶面肥，产量，品质 |
| 英文关键词: pyrolytic liquid, molecular composition, capsicum, vegetable production, foliar fertilizer, yield, quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41877096，41771332）;高端外国专家引进计划项目（G2021145004L） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 景俊丽 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 陈硕桐 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 王燕 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 赵正 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 刘成 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 刘志伟 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 夏少攀 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 卞荣军 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 刘晓雨 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 程琨 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 张旭辉 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 李恋卿 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | 郑聚锋 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | | | DROSOS Marios | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
巴斯利卡塔大学农业·森林·食物及环境科学学院, 波坦察 85100 意大利 | | | JOSEPH Stephen | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
新南威尔士大学材料科学与工程学院, 悉尼 2052 澳大利亚 | | | 潘根兴 | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所, 南京 210095
江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心, 南京 210095 | gxpan@njau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解生物质热解醋液的无机与有机组成特点及其叶面喷施对蔬菜生长和品质的影响，探讨其组成及作物效应变化与不同原料和热解工艺的潜在联系。本研究选择苹果枝条、玉米秸秆和稻壳等三种农业废弃物炭化工程的热解醋液，分析其基本物质组成性质及可溶性有机质（DOM）含量，并采用提取-浓缩-GC-MS分析法研究供试醋液主要有机分子组成，继而以其为载体分别配制叶面液体肥料，进行辣椒田间试验。设置对照（清水，CK）、市售常规液体肥料（WSF）、稻壳醋液炭基液体肥料（RF）、玉米秸秆醋液炭基液体肥料（CF）和苹果枝条醋液炭基液体肥料（AF）5个喷施处理，采集成熟辣椒测定植株生长和品质指标。结果表明：三种热解醋液的DOM均以有机酸、酚类物质为主，同时含有少量酮类、醛类和酯类等物质。其中，苹果枝条醋液含有机酸量最大，稻壳醋液含酚类最多。不同液体肥料喷施处理均能促进辣椒生长和改善辣椒品质，其中AF处理效果最优，其次是CF、RF和WSF处理。与CK相比，不同液体肥喷施辣椒平均增产在35%以上，AF处理增产达62%；AF显著提高了辣椒坐果数、叶面积和SPAD值，增幅分别为54.73%、26.99%和19.67%；各处理下辣椒果长、果径均显著增加，AF处理下增幅均在25%以上。不同液体肥料喷施均显著增加了辣椒可溶性糖和辣椒素含量（平均增幅约20%），并提高了可溶性蛋白含量（增幅约5%）；AF处理下辣椒可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、辣椒素和干物质等品质指标提升幅度在6%~30%之间。研究表明，热解醋液液体肥对辣椒的增产提质效应与热解醋液中微量矿质元素有关，也与小分子有机酸和抗氧化酚类物质含量有关，其分子过程和分子机理仍需要进一步研究。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The organic and inorganic composition of pyrolytic liquids derived from biomass pyrolysis and their effects on plant growth with foliar fertilization are insufficiently understood. Particularly, whether there is a link between the composition and effect on plant growth and their property of feedstock and of pyrolysis conditions remains unknown. In this study, three typical pyrolytic liquids derived from pyrolysis of apple branches, maize shoots, and rice husks were selected, the mineral elements and organic molecular composition as well as dissolvable organic carbon content were analyzed using volumetric analysis and GC-MS mass spectroscopy. Subsequently, the liquids were used to formulate liquid fertilizers with consistent amounts of major mineral nutrients（N-P2O5-K2O + DOC, 35% + 10%）. Then, a field demonstration experiment with foliar spraying on capsicum was conducted in a vegetable farm near Nanjing. The field experiment included 5 treatments of no foliar fertilizer（CK, clean water only）, commercial foliar fertilizer（WSF）, and foliar fertilizer with pyrolytic liquids of rice husk（RF）, maize shoots（CF）, and apple branches（AF）. When the capsicum was ripe, fruit yield was measured and plant samples were collected for quality assessment. The results showed that the pyrolytic liquids varied not only in organic and inorganic contents but also in organic molecule abundances. The dissolvable organic carbon pool was dominated by organic acids and phenolic compounds with varying amounts of ketones, aldehydes, and esters. In pyrolytic liquids derived from pyrolysis of apple branches and rice husks, organic acids and phenolic compounds were the most abundant, respectively. However, all liquid fertilizers with pyrolytic liquids promoted capsicum growth and improved plant quality. Among them, the AF treatment was the best, followed by CF, RF and WSF treatments. Compared with CK, all the foliar spraying treatments increased the capsicum yield (over 35% on average) and AF treatments increased by 62%. Particularly, the number of fruits, leaf area, and SPAD of a single capsicum plant was significantly increased by 54.73%, 26.99%, and 19.67%, when sprayed with fertilizers containing AF over those containing CK. Similarly, all the foliar spraying treatments increased the size of capsicum fruit（over 25%）and the content of soluble sugar and capsaicin（20% on average）as well as soluble protein（5%）. Moreover, AF treatment exerted the most significant improvement in capsicum growth and quality parameters among the studied foliar fertilizers, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, Vitamin C, capsaicin and dry matter were increased by 6%-30%. Overall, the effect of the pyrolytic liquids-based foliar fertilizers on capsicum plant growth and quality was related to the abundance of organic acids of low molecular weight and antioxidant phenols than to that of mineral nutrients. |
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