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| 乡镇尺度农田土壤养分时空变异性研究 |
| Spatial and temporal variability of soil nutrients in township-scale agricultural fields |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-24 修订日期：2024-01-12 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0657 |
| 中文关键词: 农田土壤，土壤养分，克里金插值，重心模型，时空演变 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural soil, soil nutrient, Kriging interpolation, center of gravity model, space-time evolution |
| 基金项目:山西省重点研发计划项目（202102140601010）；山西省基础研究计划项目（202103021224124）；科技基础资源调查专项（2021FY100501）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901101-4）；山西省科技重大专项计划项目（202101140601026-4-5） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究乡镇尺度农田土壤养分时空变化，以山西省寿阳县宗艾镇为例，基于1982（第二次土壤普查）、1998、2008、2018年四个时期的样点土壤数据，采用地统计学与克里金插值方法分析耕层土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、速效钾（AK）和速效磷（AP）的时空变异特征，并结合重心模型探究养分的重心迁移方向，揭示宗艾镇1982—2018年土壤养分时空变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明：1982—2018年土壤SOM、TN和AP、AK平均含量整体呈上升趋势，分别增加了3.30、0.19 g·kg-1和7.75、53.13 mg·kg-1。平均含量整体呈上升趋势，增幅分别为26.92%、26.39%、131.80%和70.31%。1982—2018年 SOM和 AP含量呈增加-减少-增加的趋势，而 AK和TN含量则不断增加。与1982相比，2018年SOM、TN、AP和AK的块基比均有所提高，表明四个时期的养分受结构因素和非结构因素（随机因素）的共同影响，且受非结构因素的影响程度逐渐增强，人为活动干扰对其影响越来越大。2018年研究区SOM含量的空间分布呈现东南部高、西北部低的格局，AK含量的分布呈南部高、北部低的特征，AP和TN含量的空间分布比较均匀。SOM和TN含量在研究区正南方向的空间分布不断增强，AP和AK含量在研究区东南方向的空间分布不断增强；SOM含量的空间分布逐渐趋于集中，AP、AK和TN含量的空间分布趋于分散。研究表明，施肥、秸秆还田是影响宗艾镇养分含量时空分异的主要因素，应结合实地条件开展旱地作物秸秆适水还田并注意“控氮稳磷减钾补微肥”，以确保稳定提升耕地质量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the soil data of four periods in 1982（the second soil census）, 1998, 2008, and 2018, geostatistic and Kriging interpolation methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of topsoil organic matter（SOM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available potassium（AK）, and available phosphorus（AP）in Zong'ai Town of Shouyang County, Shanxi Province. Combined with the center of gravity model, the center of gravity migration direction of nutrients was explored, and the spatio-temporal variation patterns of the soil nutrients and their influencing factors were revealed during the period of 1982—2018 in Zong'ai Township. The results showed that the average contents of soil SOM, TN and AP, AK increased by by 3.30, 0.19 g·kg-1 and 7.75, 53.13 mg·kg-1,with the increase rate of 26.92%, 26.39%, 131.80% and 70.31%, respectively, from 1982 to 2018. SOM and AP contents showed an increase-decrease-increase trend from 1982 to 2018, while AK and TN contents kept increasing. Compared with 1982, the block-base ratios of SOM, TN, AP, and AK increased in 2018, indicating that the nutrients of the four periods of time were jointly influenced by structural and non-structural factors （random factors）and the degree of influence by non-structural factors gradually increased, and the influence of anthropogenic activity interference became more significant. In 2018, the spatial distribution characteristics of SOM contents in the study area showed a pattern of high content in the southeast and low content in the northwest. While AK contents high in the south and low in the north. The spatial distribution characteristics of AP and TN content were relatively uniform. The contents of SOM and TN increased in the south and the contents of AP and AK increased in the southeast of the study area; the spatial distribution of SOM content tended to be concentrated and the spatial distribution of AP, AK, and TN content appeared to be dispersed. Fertilization and straw returning were the major factors affecting the spatio-temporal difference of nutrient content in Zong'ai Town. The water-suitable straw returning to the field must be carried out according to the field conditions and attention must be paid to“controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, and reducing potassium to supplement micro-fertilizer”to ensure the stable improvement of cultivated land quality. |
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