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| 基于生命周期评价的东北地区覆膜水稻环境影响分析 |
| Environmental impact assessment of the life cycle of rice cultivation by plastic film mulching in northeast China |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-30 修订日期：2023-10-31 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0555 |
| 中文关键词: 东北地区，生命周期评价，覆膜水稻，环境影响 |
| 英文关键词: northeast region, life cycle assessment, rice cultivation by plastic film mulching, environmental impact |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1700700） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王玉 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 何文清 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 靳拓 | 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站, 北京 100125 | | | 赵梓君 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 崔吉晓 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室, 北京 100081 | cuijixiao@caas.cn | | 刘勤 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室, 北京 100081 | liuqin02@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明覆膜水稻生命周期过程的资源消耗和环境影响，本研究基于2021—2022两年的田间试验对东北地区覆膜水稻进行生命周期评价。结果表明：仅考虑资源消耗、气候变化和环境酸化的情况下，覆PE膜旱直播水稻的环境影响潜值更小，对环境更友好。东北地区覆PE膜育秧移栽水稻能源消耗、水资源消耗、气候变化、环境酸化、富营养化和生态毒性6个环境影响指标对应的环境影响潜值分别为14 046.40 MJ、957 082.47 kg、1 663.15 kg CO2-eq、8.70 kg SO2-eq、1.84 kg PO43--eq和57.05 kg 1，4-DCB-eq；东北地区覆 PE 膜旱直播水稻这 6个环境影响指标对应的环境影响潜值分别为 11 990.32 MJ、312 102.92 kg、1 071.41 kg CO2-eq、6.85 kg SO2-eq、1.88 kg PO43--eq和73.75 kg 1，4-DCB-eq。造成资源消耗和气候变化的主要原因是氮肥和燃油的生产及使用，另外地膜生产和滴灌设备的生产也对环境造成了较大的影响。研究表明，水稻清洁生产的关键在于农资产品生产技术的优化和氮肥的合理施用。在两种覆膜水稻栽培方式中，覆膜旱直播水稻造成的环境影响更低，更适合我国农业绿色低碳发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the resource consumption and environmental impacts of the life cycle process of mulched rice, a life cycle assessment of rice cultivation by plastic film mulching in northeast China was carried out based on two years of experimental from 2021 to 2022. The results showed that the environmental impact potential of PE film-covered dry-directed rice was meager and more environmental friendly when only resource consumption, climate change and environmental acidification were considered. The environmental impact potentials corresponding to the six environmental impact indicators of energy consumption, water consumption, climate change, environmental acidification, eutrophication, and ecotoxicity of PE film-covered conventionally irrigated rice in the northeast region were found to be 14 046.40 MJ, 957 082.47 kg, 1 663.15 kg CO2-eq, 8.70 kg SO2-eq, 1.84 kg PO43--eq, and 57.05 kg 1,4-DCB-eq. The environmental impact potentials corresponding to these six environmental impact indicators for PE film-covered dry-directed rice in the northeast region are thereby detected to be 11 990.32 MJ, 312 102.92 kg, 1 071.41 kg CO2-eq, 6.85 kg SO2-eq, 1.88 kg PO43--eq, and 73.75 kg 1,4-DCB-eq, respectively. The main causes of resource depletion and climate change are recognized as the production and use of nitrogen fertilizers and fuel oil, in addition to the production of mulch films and drip irrigation equipment, which also have a large environmental impact. Consequently, the improvement of agricultural production technology and the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer use are conducive to reduce the environmental impact of the agricultural production process. The study shows that the key to clean rice production lies in the optimization of the production process of agricultural products and the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer. And among the two mulched rice cultivation methods, mulched dry-directed rice causes lower environmental impacts and is proved to be more suitable for China's approach to green and low-carbon agriculture development. |
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