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| 不同磷水平对棉花养分吸收和磷肥利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of different phosphorus application rates on nutrient absorption and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of cotton |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-24 修订日期：2023-07-31 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0405 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花，施磷量，养分吸收，磷肥利用率，N∶P |
| 英文关键词: cotton, amount of phosphorus applied, nutrient absorption, utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, N∶P |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项（2022A02007）；现代农业产业技术体系专项（CARS-15-49）；国家自然科学基金项目（U1703232）；农业农村部科研设施专项运行维护费（G202109-2） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨北疆棉区不同施磷量对棉花养分吸收、磷肥利用效率、生物量和棉株氮磷化学计量比的影响，本研究以始于2018年的棉田土壤磷素肥力演替特征长期定位试验为研究对象，对5年等量氮钾不同磷水平施肥后棉田磷素和棉花养分吸收的响应进行分析。结果表明，施磷量的增加促进了棉株 N、P、K 养分吸收，棉株各器官 N、P、K 养分平均含量分别在 1.75~38.27、1.46~11.26、3.11~24.31 g·kg-1之间。综合肥料投入，施磷量为150 kg·hm-2最有利于P素养分吸收和干物质积累。棉株各器官N∶P值变化范围在1.20~12.01之间，随着施磷量的增加，棉株茎、叶、蕾/铃/壳的N∶P降低，棉株生物量、籽棉产量随叶、蕾/铃/壳N∶P的降低而增加，本试验棉花生长更倾向于受N、P共同限制。磷肥利用率和磷肥农学效率随施磷量的增加呈先增后减的趋势，磷素盈余量随施磷量的增加而增加。在施磷量为 150 kg·hm-2时，磷肥利用率和磷肥农学效率均达到最高值，分别为 10.20%和 4.05 kg·kg-1，其磷素盈余为54.19 kg·hm-2，研究表明，在北疆灰漠土棉田施磷量为150 kg·hm-2比较可行，值得推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of nutrient absorption, phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency, biomass, and the nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometric ratios of cotton plants under different phosphorus application rates were studied to provide a theoretical basis for determining the technical service focus of scientific phosphorus application in a cotton area of northern Xinjiang. Based on a long-term positioning experiment of phosphorus fertility succession characteristics in cotton soil that started in 2018, the response of phosphorus and cotton nutrient uptake in the cotton field under different phosphorus levels after five years of the same fertilization was analyzed. With an increase in the phosphorus application rate, the N, P, and K nutrient absorption of the cotton plants were promoted, and the average N, P, and K nutrient contents in each organ of the cotton plants ranged from 1.75 to 38.27, 1.46 to 11.26 g·kg-1, and 3.11 to 24.31 g·kg-1, respectively. 150 kg · hm-2 phosphorus is most conducive to the absorption and dry matter accumulation of P-quality fractions. The N∶P ratio of the cotton organs ranged from 1.20 to 12.01. The N∶P ratio of the stem, leaf, and bud/boll/shell of the cotton plants decreased with an increase in the phosphorus application rate, and the biomass of the cotton plants and seed cotton yield increased with a decrease in the leaf and（bud/boll/shell）N∶P ratios. In this experiment, cotton growth was more inclined to be limited by N and P. The utilization rate and the agronomic efficiency of the phosphorus fertilizer first increased and then decreased with an increase in phosphorus application, and the surplus of phosphorus increased with an increase in phosphorus application. When applying 150 kg·hm-2 P, the utilization rate and the agronomic efficiency of the P fertilizer showed the highest values, which were 10.20% and 4.05 kg·kg-1, respectively. The P surplus was 54.19 kg·hm-2. It is feasible to apply 150 kg·hm-2 phosphorus to cotton fields of grey desert soil in northern Xinjiang. |
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