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| 施加生物质炭对风沙土土壤线虫群落结构的影响 |
| Effects of biochar application on soil nematode community structure in sandy soil |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-23 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0187 |
| 中文关键词: 生物质炭，土壤线虫，风沙土，生态指数 |
| 英文关键词: biochar, soil nematodes, sandy soil, ecological index |
| 基金项目:国家科技重大专项（2021YFD1900802）；北京农学院青年教师科研创新能力提升计划项目（QJKC-2023008）；大学生创新训练计划项目（dxscx2022090） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 生物质炭科学施加量以及施加时间是改良和维持土壤健康的研究热点。本研究设计两组玉米盆栽试验（A组和C组），其中A组为一次性施加生物质炭7年处理，C组为一次性施加生物质炭1年处理，各组施加量分别为0、15.75、31.50、63.00 t·hm-2和126.00 t·hm-2，探究不同生物质炭施加量以及施加时间对风沙土土壤线虫群落结构特征的影响。结果表明：施加生物质炭1年后可增加土壤pH以及养分含量，生物质炭随老化时间的延长对土壤养分的提升效应会降低，土壤养分与土壤线虫群落结构有密切的相关性。土壤线虫以拟丽突属为优势属，食细菌类和捕食/杂食类为主要营养类群，土壤有机质的分解以细菌分解为主。施加生物质炭1年后，施加量的增加改变了土壤线虫群落结构、营养类群分布和丰度，生物质炭施加量的增加会显著抑制土壤线虫数量，但施加生物质炭7年后土壤线虫数量会恢复。随施加年限的增加，生物质炭会导致土壤食细菌类线虫丰度降低，捕食/杂食类线虫丰度增加，植物寄生类线虫丰度增加，但对线虫多样性指数（H）和丰富度指数（SR）影响不大。一次性施加126.00 t·hm-2生物质炭7年后显著降低了土壤线虫数量，而施加生物质炭15.75 t·hm-2对土壤线虫数量和群落结构的维持具有积极作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The amount and timing of biochar application in scientific settings are currently the focal points of research aimed at enhancing and maintaining soil health. In this study, two groups of corn pot experiments（groups A and C）were designed. Group A was treated with a one-time application of biochar for 7 years, and group C was treated with a one-time application of biochar for 1 year. The application rates of each group were 0, 15.75, 31.50, 63.00 t·hm-2, and 126.00 t·hm-2, respectively. The effects of different amounts and timings of biochar application on the structural characteristics of nematode communities in sandy soil were studied. The results showed that the application of biochar could increase soil pH and nutrient content after 1 year. The effect of biomass charcoal on soil nutrient would decrease over time with aging. The dominant genus of soil nematodes was Acrobeloides, and bacterivores and predators / omnivores were the main trophic groups. Soil organic matter decomposition was dominated by bacterial decomposition. The increase in biochar application amount changed the soil nematode community structure, trophic group distribution, and nematode abundance after one year of biochar application. The increase in the amount of biochar applied substantially inhibited the number of soil nematodes. However, the number of soil nematodes recovered after 7 years of biochar application. With increasing years after application, biochar application led to a decrease in the abundance of soil bacterivores and an increase in the abundance of predators/omnivores and plant parasitic nematodes; however, it exerted little effect on the nematode diversity and richness indexes. A one-time application of 126.00 t·hm-2 biochar substantially reduced the number of soil nematodes after 7 years, whereas the application of 15.75 t·hm-2 biochar exerted a positive effect on the number and community structure of soil nematodes. |
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