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| 寒旱地区农村改厕技术模式评价指标体系构建 |
| Establishment of an index system for evaluating technical models adapted for rural toilet renovation in cold and arid regions |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-14 修订日期：2023-08-29 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0379 |
| 中文关键词: 寒旱地区，指标体系，改厕技术模式，层次分析法，权重 |
| 英文关键词: cold and arid regions, index system, technical modes for toilet renovation, analytic hierarchy process, weight |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目 (Y2022LM13-1) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探寻适宜寒旱地区的农村改厕技术模式，有助于实现寒旱地区农村改厕与全国同步推进，因而构建科学合理的农村改厕技术模式评价指标体系极为重要。本研究聚焦寒旱地区农村改厕面临的防冻、节水、防臭和粪污无害化等关键技术瓶颈问题和农民呼声，遵循可获得性、以人为本、典型性、独立性与全面性、现实性与导向性原则，在文献研究的基础上，咨询专业支撑农业农村部改厕工作的农村改厕技术服务指导专家、相关省市县农村改厕负责人、部分农村改厕企业负责人与新改建厕所直接使用者（农户）的意见，构建适用于寒旱地区农村改厕技术模式应用效果评价的指标体系，包括6项一级指标（准则层）和15项二级指标（指标层）；同时运用层次分析法分别对2个层次指标进行赋权，确定每个指标的主观权重。权重结果显示：技术模式先进性>技术模式生态协同性>农户满意度>管理有效性>技术模式经济性>社会效益，占比分别为29.47%、28.09%、19.86%、10.84%、7.82%、3.92%。基于本指标体系可以指向性地以防冻节水、粪污无害化处理达标、如厕环境符合户厕卫生规范、管理方便性等关键因素为目标推动寒旱地区农村改厕技术模式的研发，支撑改厕技术或产品研发成果，也可为其他地区改厕技术模式效果综合评价提供借鉴参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| There is currently a need to evaluate technical models adapted for the rural toilet renovation in cold and arid regions. This research can help to simultaneously promote the rural toilet renovation in both cold and arid regions and other regions across the country. To achieve this, it is crucial to construct a scientific and reasonable index system with which to evaluate technical models of rural toilet renovation. To address both the technical bottlenecks and population needs, this study focuses on a range of problems associated with promoting rural toilet renovation in cold and arid regions, including water saving, frost prevention, odor prevention, and the safe treatment of human waste. Based on the principle of data availability, people-orientation, typicality, independence and comprehensiveness, and live experience, this study constructs an index system for evaluating technical models for rural toilet renovation in cold and arid regions by analyzing the literature and consulting professionals, including technical experts, officials in charge of toilet renovation, entrepreneurs in the business of rural toilet renovation, and toilet users. The resulting index system consists of 6 first-level indicators（criterion layer）and 15 second-level indicators（index layer）. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process method is employed to determine the subjective weights for each indicator in both the criterion layer and index layer. The results provide the following hierarchy of criteria： advances in technology modes>ecological synergy of technology modes>farmers' satisfaction>management efficacy>affordability of technology modes> social benefits. Their corresponding proportions were 29.47%, 28.09%, 19.86%, 10.84%, 7.82%, and 3.92%, respectively. By targeting a set of critical factors, including anti-freezing and water-saving, the safe treatment of human feces or blackwater, meeting hygienic standards for the use of rural household latrines, and management convenience, the index system promotes the research and development of technical models for cold and arid regions. In addition, it supports the development of toilet-renovation technology and products, and provides a guide for the evaluation of technical modes in other regions. |
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