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| 国外改厕技术模式与管理机制对我国干旱寒冷地区农村改厕的启示 |
| Reference for technology models and management mechanisms of toilets in dry and cold regions abroad |
| 投稿时间：2022-06-25 修订日期：2022-10-24 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2022.0411 |
| 中文关键词: 农村厕所革命，干旱寒冷地区，技术模式，土地渗滤系统，生态旱厕 |
| 英文关键词: rural toilet revolution, dry and cold regions, technical mode, land filtration system, ecological toilet |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2022-jbkyywf-wq）；农业农村部“农村典型卫生户厕粪污监测”项目（09223004）；天津市科技计划项目（22YFZCSN00170） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王佳锐 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 魏孝承 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 陈昢圳 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 高文永 | 农业农村部管理干部学院, 北京 102208 | | | 谭璐 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 彭皓 | 天津大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300072 | | | 张春雪 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 赵文洁 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 王强 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | wq319320@126.com | | 郑向群 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
农业农村部农村厕所与污水治理技术重点实验室, 天津 300191 | zhengxiangqun@aepi.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 当前我国厕所革命取得了显著成效，全国农村卫生厕所普及率超过70%，但干旱寒冷地区农村改厕在节水防冻技术、技术模式适配性、粪污资源化利用、管护与运维机制等方面还存在短板，制约着我国农村卫生厕所的整体提升。本文通过文献和数据调研，分析国外改厕工作的典型技术模式及其优缺点、适用性、运维机制等内容，总结提炼国外改厕技术模式的经验与启示，结合我国国情，建议从改厕技术模式选择、黑灰水协同治理、指导体系和系统运行机制等方面，全面提升改善我国干旱寒冷地区农村改厕工作成效，旨在为我国干旱寒冷地区农村改厕提供理论和实践借鉴，进一步推进我国农村厕所革命进程。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| At present, the rural toilet revolution in China has achieved remarkable results; the national sanitary toilet penetration rate has reached 70%. However, the improvement in rural toilets in dry and cold regions has experienced shortcomings in terms of water-saving and antifreezing technology, technical mode adaptation, toilet excrement and sewage resource use, toilet management, and operation mechanisms, which have restricted the overall improvement of rural sanitary toilets in China. In this study, we analyzed the typical technical models, advantages and disadvantages, applicability, management, and operation mechanisms of toilet improvement in dry and cold regions abroad. used in toilet renovation and summarized the experiences with and advances in toilet improvement technology models in dry and cold regions in foreign countries. As a result, we recommended to comprehensively increase the effectiveness of toilet improvement in rural dry and cold regions in China in terms of research and development of toilet improvement technology, collaborative management of black and gray water, guidance systems, and full-chain operation mechanisms, aiming to provide theoretical and practical reference for rural toilet improvement in dry and cold regions in China and further promoting the toilet revolution in China. |
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