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| 玛纳斯河流域不同绿洲生态系统棉田土壤水分-盐分-养分空间变异特征 |
| Spatial variability of soil moisture, salinity, and nutrients in cotton fields of different oasis ecosystems in the Manas River basin |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-05 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0591 |
| 中文关键词: 玛纳斯河流域，绿洲生态系统，盐分，养分，空间异质性 |
| 英文关键词: Manas River basin, oasis ecosystem, salinity, nutrients, spatial heterogeneity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目-新疆联合基金重点项目 （U1803244） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1325 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨干旱区山盆体系下不同绿洲生态系统农田的土壤水盐与养分的季节变化和空间变异规律，于2019年5、8、10月在玛纳斯河流域山前绿洲、人工平原绿洲和绿洲与荒漠过渡带采集膜下滴灌棉田土壤，对土壤水分、盐分、铵态氮和硝态氮进行分析。结果表明：不同区域的棉田土壤水盐与养分具有季节性变化特征，变异强度属于中等或强变异；各区域的土壤水分和盐分在垂直剖面上呈现随土层加深而增加的趋势，土壤铵态氮和硝态氮在各土层无明显规律性。不同区域的土壤性质差异较大，土壤含水量表现为绿洲与荒漠过渡带（12.89%） >人工平原绿洲（12.80%） >山前绿洲（12.55%），土壤盐分表现为人工平原绿洲（3.44 g·kg-1） >绿洲与荒漠过渡带（2.69 g·kg-1） >山前绿洲（1.93 g·kg-1），人工平原绿洲和山前绿洲土壤盐分存在显著差异，人工平原绿洲土壤属于轻度盐渍化。土壤铵态氮表现为绿洲与荒漠过渡带（3.77 mg·kg-1） >人工平原绿洲（3.53 mg·kg-1） >山前绿洲（3.46 mg·kg-1），土壤硝态氮表现为山前绿洲（2.02 mg·kg-1） >人工平原绿洲（1.90 mg·kg-1） >绿洲与荒漠过渡带（0.77 mg·kg-1）。半方差函数分析结果表明，山前绿洲、人工平原绿洲和绿洲与荒漠过渡带的棉田土壤水盐与养分的块金值小于0.25或等于1，表明不同区域的土壤性质空间自相关性强，但受采样和农业耕种的影响，存在恒定的变异。山前绿洲和绿洲与荒漠过渡带的土壤盐分、铵态氮和硝态氮的理论模型拟合度较高，人工平原绿洲土壤水盐与养分拟合效果欠佳。研究表明，山前绿洲、人工平原绿洲和绿洲与荒漠过渡带土壤水盐与养分变异的主导因素是土壤类型、气候和地下水位，滴灌和施肥是影响土壤水盐与养分分布的重要人为因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the seasonal and spatial variation of soil water, salt, and nutrients in farmland of different oasis ecosystems in a mountain basin system in arid areas, the soil water, salt, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen contents of cotton fields under film drip irrigation in the piedmont oasis, artificial plain oasis, and oasis and desert transition zone of the Manas River basin in May, August, and October 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that the soil water, salt, and nutrient contents in different regions had seasonal variation, and the variation intensity was medium or strong. The soil moisture and salinity in each region showed an increasing trend with the deepening of the soil layer in the vertical section. However, there was no clear trend of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in each soil layer. There were great differences in the soil properties in different regions. The soil water content was in the order of oasis and desert transition zone（12.89%） >artificial plain oasis（12.80%） >piedmont oasis（12.55%） . The soil salt content was in the order of artificial plain oasis（3.44 g·kg-1） >oasis and desert transition zone（2.69 g·kg-1）> piedmont oasis（1.93 g·kg-1） . There were significant differences in the soil salt content between the artificial plain oasis and piedmont oasis. The soil of the artificial plain oasis showed mild salinization. The soil ammonium nitrogen content was in the order of oasis and desert transition zone（3.77 mg·kg-1）> artificial plain oasis（3.53 mg·kg-1）> piedmont oasis （3.46 mg·kg-1） , and the soil nitrate nitrogen content was in the order of piedmont oasis（2.02 mg·kg-1）> artificial plain oasis （1.90 mg·kg-1）> oasis and desert transition zone（0.77 mg·kg-1） . The semi-variance function analysis showed that the nugget value of soil water, salt, and nutrients in the piedmont oasis, artificial plain oasis, and oasis desert transition zone was less than 0.25 or equal to 1, thereby indicating that the spatial autocorrelation of soil properties in different regions was strong, but there was constant variation under the influence of sampling and artificial agricultural cultivation. The theoretical models of soil salt, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the piedmont oasis and oasis desert transition zone fit well, whereas the fitting effect of soil water, salt, and nutrients in the artificial plain oasis was not good. The dominant factors of soil water, salt, and nutrient variation in the piedmont oasis, artificial plain oasis, and oasis desert transition zone are soil type, climate, and groundwater level. Drip irrigation and fertilization in cotton fields are the most important human factors that affect the soil water, salt, and nutrient contents. |
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