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| 基于本地化因子的上海市露天蔬菜地氨排放时空分布特征 |
| Local emission factors and spatio-temporal distribution of open-air vegetable production-related ammonia emissions in Shanghai |
| 投稿时间：2021-01-19 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2021.0039 |
| 中文关键词: NH3排放，排放通量，排放系数，露天蔬菜种植，上海 |
| 英文关键词: NH3 emission, emission flux, emission factors, open-air vegetable cultivation, Shanghai |
| 基金项目:上海市科技兴农项目（沪农科推字（2019）第2-1号）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0213303） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 苗文亮 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233
华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 200233 | | | 徐昶 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233 | xuc@saes.sh.cn | | 沈根祥 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233
华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 200233 | | | 钱晓雍 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 纪英杰 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 倪远之 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 付侃 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护新型污染物环境健康影响评价重点实验室, 上海 200233 | | | 徐春花 | 上海市农业技术推广中心, 上海 200233 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为获取上海地区露天蔬菜种植的NH3排放规律及时空分布特征，通过通气-氨捕获法对露天蔬菜种植的NH3排放特征进行监测，并对主要气象参数进行同步观测。结果表明，4个季节5种典型露天蔬菜的NH3累积排放量范围为14.44~41.94 kg·hm-2，NH3排放通量最大值出现在施肥后2~5 d，NH3排放持续时间为15~18 d，追肥期的NH3排放通量显著高于基肥期。叶菜类、瓜类、茄果类、豆类和白菜类的NH3排放损失率分别达到了6.02%、18.30%、14.98%、14.57%和11.77%，表现为瓜类>茄果类>豆类>白菜类>叶菜类。相关性分析表明，温度和湿度是影响露天蔬菜种植NH3排放的主要因素，温度对NH3排放有显著的促进作用，湿度则与之呈较好的负相关关系。2017年上海市露天蔬菜种植NH3排放总量达到832 t，空间分布特征表明，上海市露天蔬菜NH3排放总量最高的3个区为崇明区、浦东新区和青浦区，合计占NH3排放总量的67%以上； NH3排放季节变化特征表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季，夏季的NH3排放总量达到冬季的3.6倍。研究表明，上海地区露天蔬菜种植的NH3排放变化特征显著，时空分布具有明显的规律性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we monitored the ammonia emission characteristics of open-air vegetable cultivation using the dynamic boxaeration method and simultaneously observed the main meteorological parameters in order to obtain the characteristics of ammonia emission from open-air vegetable cultivation and its spatio-temporal distribution in Shanghai. The results showed that the cumulative ammonia emission amount of 5 typical open-air vegetables in 4 seasons ranged 14.44~41.94 kg·hm-2, and the highest ammonia emission appeared between day 2 and day 5 post fertilization. Most of the emitted ammonia was released within 15~18 days. The ammonia emission during the topdressing stage was significantly higher than that of the base fertilization stage. The ammonia emission loss rates of leafy vegetables, melons, solanaceous fruits, beans, and cabbage reached 6.02%, 18.30%, 14.98%, 14.57%, and 11.77%, respectively, following the order of melon > eggplant > beans > cabbage > leafy vegetables. The correlation analysis showed that temperature and humidity were the two main ammonia emission-affecting factors in open-air vegetable cultivation lands. Furthermore, temperature and humidity exhibited a strong positive and a significantly negative correlation with the ammonia emission flux, respectively. In 2017, the total ammonia emissions from open-air vegetable cultivation in Shanghai reached 832 tons. Analyses of the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of total ammonia emissions in Shanghai showed that the three districts with the highest ammonia emissions are Chongming, Pudong, and Qingpu, accounting for more than 67% of the total ammonia emissions. The seasonal distribution characteristics of the total ammonia emissions are summer > autumn > spring > winter across the whole city of Shanghai. The total ammonia emissions in summer are 3.6 times significantly higher than those in winter. In conclusion, the NH3 emission of open-air vegetable cultivation in Shanghai exhibits significant changes and its spatio-temporal distribution shows obvious regularity. |
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