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| 不同肥源、施氮量对土壤-作物系统中铬、镉含量的影响 |
| The Influence of Concentration of Chromium, Cadmium in Soil-Crop System Under Different Fertilizers and Fertilization Amount |
| 投稿时间：2014-10-27 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2014.0291 |
| 中文关键词: 施肥方式 镉 铬 白菜 |
| 英文关键词: fertilization ways cadmium chromium Chinese cabbage |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项课题(201303101-06);“十二五”国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD15B01) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 外源有害重金属是造成土壤-作物系统污染的重要渠道, 采用田间试验方法, 研究了不同施肥条件下土壤和作物中重金属镉、铬的含量状况, 分析了土壤-植物系统中重金属镉、铬的富集特征。结果表明, 施肥易造成表层土壤中重金属的累积, 重金属镉富集效果明显。化肥处理下, 土壤镉的生物有效性提高, 显著增加白菜对镉的吸收富集, 与对照相比, 过量施肥(N1)、常规施肥(N2)、减量施肥(N3)处理下白菜中镉含量分别提高59.7%、41.1%和40.3%(P<0.05), 过量施肥(N1)处理下, 白菜中镉含量接近食品安全国家标准的限量要求(0.2 mg·kg-1)。施用有机肥可以显著降低白菜对镉的吸收(P<0.05), 单施有机肥(N6)处理效果更为显著, 镉含量比对照降低了36.3%(P<0.05), 比有机肥配施磷钾肥(N4)和有机-无机肥混施(N5)处理也显著降低了41.9%和38.8%(P<0.05)。施肥同样造成表层土壤重金属铬的富集, 随着化肥施用量的增加, 白菜对铬的吸收富集也显著增加, 同样, 过量施肥(N1)处理下, 白菜中铬含量接近食品安全国家标准的限量要求(0.5 mg·kg-1)。有机肥的施用可以调节土壤pH值, 抑制白菜对重金属的吸收, 对镉的抑制效果要好于铬。有机肥、化肥具有不同的供肥特征和理化性质, 根据需求合理配施, 方可达到合理供肥和保护环境的双重效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An experiment was carried out to study the content and enrichment characters of heavy metals chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant system. The result indicated that fertilization could result in the accumulation of heavy metals in topsoil, and the Cd enrichment was more significant. Applying chemical fertilizer could increase the available Cd content in topsoil and increase the content of Cd in Chinese cabbage. Compared with the control, the Cd contents of Chinese cabbage under excessive fertilizer (N1), conventional fertilizer (N2), decrement fertilizer (N3) treatments were significantly higher than that in control (N0) treatment by 59.7%、41.1% and 40.3% respectively (P<0.05). And the Cd content in N1 treatment in Chinese cabbage was close to the limited value of national food safety standards for heavy metal pollutants. There was a significantly decrease of Cd content in Chinese cabbage by applying organic fertilizer than chemical fertilizer (P<0.05). And Cd content in cabbage in organic fertilizer decreased by 36.3% compared with the control (N0), even decreased by 41.9% and 38.8% compared with organic-phosphorus potassium fertilizer treatment (N4) and organic-inorganic fertilizer (N5) treatment. Fertilization could also cause the enrichment of Cr element in topsoil. And the absorption of Cr in Chinese cabbage significantly increased with the increasing of chemical fertilization. The Cr content in N1 treatment in Chinese cabbage was also close to the limited value of national food safety standards for heavy metal pollutants. There were different fertilizer efficiency and nutrient characteristics between organic and chemical fertilizer. And it could be reasonable fertilizer application and protecting environment by rational application of organic and chemical fertilizer. |
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