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| 春玉米产量、氮肥效率及土壤矿质氮对施氮的响应 |
| Response of Spring Maize Grain Yield, Nitrogen Efficiency and Soil Mineral Nitrogen to Nitrogen Application |
| 投稿时间：2013-12-11 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2013.0241 |
| 中文关键词: 春玉米 施氮量 氮肥效率 土壤硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词: spring maize nitrogen application rate nitrogen use efficiency soil nitrate nitrogen |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B12,2012BAD04B03,2013BAD07B03,2013BAD05B07) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了提高氮肥增产效益,减少对环境的污染,通过田间试验研究了施氮量对春玉米产量、氮肥效率及土壤矿质氮的影响。结果表明,施氮量较低时,春玉米籽粒产量随施氮量增加显著增加,当施氮量高于180 kg·hm-2时,产量保持不变或有减少趋势。氮肥农学利用率、氮素吸收效率、氮素偏生产力和氮收获指数均随着施氮量增加显著降低,氮肥表观利用率和氮肥生理利用率均先增加后降低。从苗期到收获期,施氮处理0~60 cm土层硝态氮含量呈现"上升-下降-上升-下降-稳定"的变化趋势,而60~120 cm土层硝态氮在春玉米生长后期有增加的趋势。随着土层加深,土壤硝态氮含量呈波浪式下降,施氮量240 kg·hm-2和300 kg·hm-2处理在60~100 cm土层硝态氮含量均显著高于其他处理。随着施氮量增加,0~120 cm土层硝态氮累积量显著增加,当施氮量超过240kg·hm-2时,土层中累积的硝态氮存在着较大的淋溶风险。综合考虑产量、氮肥效率和环境效应,179~209 kg N·hm-2是本试验条件下春玉米的合理施氮量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to increase crop production and reduce environmental pollution by nitrogen(N)fertilizer, a field experiment was carriedout to study the effects of N application rate on spring maize grain yield, N use efficiency and temporal and spatial dynamics of soil mineral N(Nmin ). The results showed that the yield of spring maize increased significantly with N application rate increasing, but once the rate exceeded180 kg·hm-2, the yield began to keep stable or trend to decline. With increasing of N application rate, N agronomic use efficiency, N uptakeefficiency, N partial productivity and N harvest index all decreased significantly, however, N apparent use efficiency and N physiological useefficiency both first increased and then decreased. From seedling stage to maturity of spring maize, N03-N content in 0-60 cm soil layershowed a trend of increase-decrease-increase-decrease and keeping stable at the end, but in 60一120 cm soil layer showed a trend of in-crease at the late growing stage under N treatment. With increasing of soil depth, soil N03-N content decreased in a wave manner, when Napplication rates were 240 kg·hm-2 and 300 kg·hm -2, N03-N content in 60-100 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that under otherN treatments. With the increase of N application rate, N03-N accumulation in 0-120 cm soil layer increased significantly, but once the rateexceeded 240 kg·hm-2, accumulated N03-N in soil layer had high leaching risk. In view of grain yield, N utilization efficiency and environ-mental benefit, 179-209 kg N.hm-2was the reasonable N application rate for spring maize under the experimental conditions. |
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