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| Fluoride distribution characteristics and pollution assessment of soil and vegetables in a typical high-fluoride area in western Jilin Province |
| Received:October 18, 2024 |
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| KeyWord:fluorine speciation;fluorine migration;soda saline-alkali soil;enrichment coefficient;contamination evaluation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Jialin | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | LIU Jinhua | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | SUN Qi | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | YU Li | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | GAO Changzheng | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | WANG Hongbin | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | ZHAO Xingmin | College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | zhaoxingmin0704@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between fluorine fraction in soil and content in vegetables in the western Jilin Province. The fluorine distribution of vegetables in high-fluorine areas will be grasped. The result can provide theoretical support for effective use of agricultural land and safe production of vegetables. 67 vegetable samples of 12 types and their rhizosphere soil samples, and eight wild plant samples of four types as controls were collected from Qian ′ an County, a typical high-fluorine area in the western Jilin Province. The fluorine contents in rhizosphere soil and vegetables were analyzed, and their health risk was evaluated using the enrichment coefficient and the pollution index. The results showed that total fluorine（T-F）, water-soluble fluorine（Ws-F）, exchangeable fluorine（ExF）, iron-manganese bound fluorine（Fe/Mn-F）, organically bound fluorine（Or-F）and residual fluorine（Res-F）in rhizosphere soil was 202.79-319.12, 1.45-9.89, 3.49-21.25, 6.95-25.72, 1.78-5.16 mg·kg-1, and 174.67-289.97 mg·kg-1, respectively, with an average values of 242.74, 4.42, 7.63, 12.77, 3.50 mg·kg-1 and 214.41 mg·kg-1, respectively. Its average content of Ws-F was 1.77 times that of surface soil in fluorosis areas, which was related to the higher level of pH and HCO - 3 content in soda saline-alkali soils. The content of biologically available fluorine（Ef-F）was high, leading to fluoride more easily transferred from soil to vegetables. The fluorine content in vegetables ranged from 0.21 mg·kg-1 to 8.89 mg·kg-1. The order of fluorine content and enrichment coefficients in different parts was leaves>fruits. It was more detailed in the order of fruity vegetables>leafy vegetables>fruits. There was a significantly positive relationship between fluorine in vegetables and Ws-F in the soil except eggplants. Fluorine content in 40.00% of the tested vegetables exceeded the national standard（1 mg·kg-1）. The results of health risk assessment indicated that bitter lettuce posed a certain risk to children ′ s health. The content of Ws-F and Ex-F in soda saline-alkali soil was high and its bioavailability was strong, which caused the fluorine content in some vegetables exceeding the national health standards. Fruity vegetables with lower fluorine enrichment coefficient are recommended to be planted to decline fluoride health risks. |
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