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| Effects of co-exposure to cadmium and benzohydroxamic acid on growth，physiological parameters，and cellular damage in Brassica rapa shanghaiqing |
| Received:June 20, 2025 |
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| KeyWord:cadmium;benzohydroxamic acid;Brassica rapa shanghaiqing;compound pollution;photosynthesis;cytotoxicity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHAO Tingting | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | HUANG Yizong | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | yizonghuang@126.com | | LI Shibiao | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | ZHAO Ran | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | YANG Yingbin | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | JING Rui | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | FAN Fangling | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | HUANG Jingxin | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | LI Xitong | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | | | TIAN Liyan | School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the objective of investigating the compound pollution mechanisms of mineral processing agents and heavy metals in mining environments. This study employed a hydroponic experiment to examine the effects of combined cadmium(Cd) and benzohydroxamic acid(BHA)pollution on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and osmotic adjustment substance accumulation in Shanghaiqing. The localization of viable cells, dead cells, and H2O2 in plant roots was visualized using fluorescent probe techniques. The results demonstrated that pollution stress induced by Cd and BHA significantly inhibited the growth of Shanghaiqing. Compared with the control(CK)group, single Cd pollution, single BHA pollution, and Cd-BHA combined pollution reduced the shoot fresh weight by 44.15%, 55.38%, and 63.29%, respectively, and the root fresh weight by 56.97%, 67.24%, and 68.95%, respectively, indicating more severe toxicity under combined pollution. Under Cd and BHA stress, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of Shanghaiqing exhibited trends consistent with fresh weight changes. The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in shoots under Cd-BHA combined pollution reached 6.0 times that of the CK group and was 2.6 times and 1.9 times higher than that in the single Cd and single BHA treatments, respectively. Furthermore, the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances-including proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein in Shanghaiqing significantly exceeded that in the CK group. Staining with FDA, PI, and SYTOXTM Green revealed that root cell viability was further reduced under Cd-BHA combined stress compared with single stress conditions. The addition of BHA increased Cd content in the shoots by 10.7%, suggesting a synergistic effect of BHA on Cd uptake in plants. These findings indicate that combined Cd and BHA pollution exacerbates oxidative damage, disrupts osmotic regulation, and promotes root cell death through synergistic interactions, thereby intensifying toxic effects on Shanghaiqing and enhancing Cd accumulation in aboveground tissues. |
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