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| Construction of a composite microbial deodorizer for rural toilet odor control and its microecological mechanism |
| Received:December 29, 2025 |
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| KeyWord:rural toilet;composite microbial agent;NH3;H2S;deodorization mechanism;metagenomics |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHU Shangyi | Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering(AAPE), MARA, Beijing 100125, China | | | WANG Huihui | Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering(AAPE), MARA, Beijing 100125, China | | | WU Rilage | Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering(AAPE), MARA, Beijing 100125, China | | | DING Jingtao | Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering(AAPE), MARA, Beijing 100125, China | | | SHEN Yujun | Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering(AAPE), MARA, Beijing 100125, China | shenyj09b@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to develop an efficient composite microbial agent for mitigating NH3 and H2S emissions from rural toilet feces. Functional strains, including ammonia-removing strains（e. g., Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus, Arthrobacter luteolus） and sulfur-oxidizing strains（e. g., Stutzerimonas balearica, Pseudomonas guariconensis）, were isolated from activated sludge. An optimal composite agent was constructed via orthogonal tests with a ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶1, and its deodorization efficiency was evaluated in a laboratory simulation system. Metagenomic analysis was employed to elucidate the underlying microbial mechanisms. The removal rates of NH 3 and H2S reached 55.84% and 74.35%, respectively. The agent significantly altered nitrogen and sulfur transformation pathways, reducing NH4+-N, increasing NO3--N and SO42-, and decreasing nitrogen loss by 14.8%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the agent upregulated key genes involved in oxidation pathways（e. g., narI, nosZ, hao, sqr）while downregulating genes in reductive pathways（e. g., aprA, nif）, thereby blocking the generation of NH3 and H2S at the metabolic source. The constructed composite microbial agent exhibits effective deodorization performance. Its mechanism involves reshaping the microbial community structure and regulating the functional gene network of nitrogen and sulfur metabolism—significantly upregulating nitrification, denitrification, and sulfur oxidation genes, while downregulating nitrogen fixation and sulfate reduction genes—thereby blocking the generation of NH3 and H2S at the metabolic source. |
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