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| Water quality pollution characteristics and source apportionment in a typical karst agricultural watershed of southwest China |
| Received:January 24, 2025 |
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| KeyWord:water quality pollution;source apportionment;PMF model;karst agricultural watershed;agricultural non-point source pollution |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | FAN Zhen | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China | | | TI Chaopu | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China | | | YAN Xing | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China | | | HAN Haojie | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China | | | QIU Jie | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China | | | WANG Ruigang | Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China | | | LIU Yan | Pu Biao Central Testing International Co., LT(Tianjin), Tianjin 300385, China | | | XU Rulin | Agricultural and Rural Environment and Energy Technology Service Center, Wenshan 663200, China | | | QI Caiqiong | Agricultural and Rural Environment and Energy Technology Service Center, Wenshan 663200, China | | | HE Zhangmeng | Agricultural and Rural Environment and Energy Technology Service Center, Wenshan 663200, China | | | YAN Xiaoyuan | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Nanjing 211135, China | | | XIA Yongqiu | State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Suzhou 215555, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Nanjing 211135, China | yqxia@issas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To reveal the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of water quality and its pollution sources, this study focused on the Puzhehei watershed, a typical karst agricultural watershed in southwest China. Based on 448 surface water samples collected between 2022 and 2023, multivariate statistical analysis and the Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）model were employed to systematically investigate the watershed. The results reveal that TN, TP, and organic pollutants dominate water quality degradation in the Puzhehei watershed, with pronounced spatiotemporal variability. TN and NO3--N concentrations were elevated during the rainy season, primarily influenced by rainfall-driven runoff. TP and NH4+-N concentrations were higher during the dry season, linked to livestock farming and domestic sewage discharge. COD and fecal coliform（FC）concentrations peaked during the tourism season, reflecting the impact of tourism activities on water quality. The PMF model revealed that the primary pollution sources in the watershed were domestic sewage（35.3%）, followed by agricultural fertilization（28.6%）, livestock farming（19.1%）, and tourism activities（17.0%）. These sources demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity. The results indicate that strengthening the control of farmland fertilizer loss, improving the management of livestock wastewater, and enhancing domestic sewage treatment during the tourism season are essential for long-term watershed protection. |
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