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| Mechanism of different clay minerals influencing the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 |
| Received:March 05, 2025 |
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| KeyWord:clay minerals;Pseudomonas putida;biofilm;oxidative stress response;metabolic activity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | JIANG Yu | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | LIU Shanpeng | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | TANG Yuqing | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | ZHAO Sheng | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | XIONG Xuan | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | YAN Guili | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | OUYANG Kai | College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | Kai_ouyang@hunau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To elucidate the influence mechanisms of clay minerals in soil on the growth and development of bacterial biofilms. This study employed scientific instruments including a multifunctional microplate reader and fluorescence microscope, combined with technical approaches such as crystal violet staining and fluorescence detection, to investigate the effects of three typical soil clay minerals （montmorillonite, kaolinite, and goethite）on the growth of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and biofilm formation. The results demonstrated that, compared to the pure culture system, the biofilm biomass in the montmorillonite-treated system increased by 78.95%. Within low concentration thresholds, goethite（0-5 mg·L-1）and kaolinite（0-100 mg·L-1）both promoted bacterial biofilm formation to varying degrees, while high concentrations of goethite（>5 mg·L-1）and kaolinite（>100 mg·L-1）significantly inhibited biofilm formation, with maximum inhibition rates of 83.78% and 34.72%, respectively. Through co-sedimentation experiments and fluorescence microscopy observations, it was demonstrated that goethite can effectively adsorb and kill bacteria. The production of reactive oxygen species（ROS） induced by goethite and kaolinite was 3.66 times and 1.97 times higher, respectively, than that in the pure culture system. Additionally, after 192 h of co-cultivation with P. putida, the intracellular adenosine triphosphate（ATP） content in the goethite-treated system decreased by 58.21% compared to the pure culture system. Montmorillonite mitigates bacterial cell membrane damage through electrostatic repulsion and enhances bacterial colonization via its high specific surface area, thereby significantly promoting bacterial growth and biofilm formation. In contrast, goethite and kaolinite at low concentrations kill a subset of cells, releasing nutrients that stimulate biofilm formation, whereas at high concentrations, they induce oxidative stress, disrupt cellular metabolic functions, and suppress biofilm development. |
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