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| Translocation and nutrition/health risks assessment of mineral elements in walnut kernel growing in Guizhou |
| Received:February 17, 2025 |
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| KeyWord:walnut kernel;mineral elements;translocation characteristics;nutritional evaluation;health risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LU Xiang | Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China | | | HUANG Anxiang | Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China | 10029.xiang@163.com | | BAI Wenlian | Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China | | | ZHANG Zhiqi | Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China | | | LI Dan | Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China | | | YANG Shoulu | Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China | | | ZHOU Hua | Guizhou Liping Rocky Desertification Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Liping 557300, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the migration characteristics of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in the soil-walnut kernel system, as well as the nutritional value and health risks of mineral elements in walnut kernels, this study determined the contents of mineral elements in 176 pairs of walnut kernels and their corresponding soil samples collected from 20 counties in Guizhou Province. The enrichment characteristics, nutritional value, and health risks of mineral elements in Guizhou walnut kernels were analyzed. Results showed that the average contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se in walnut kernels were 41.1, 81.4, 22.4, 32.5, 0.17 mg·kg-1, respectively, with migration capacities ordered as Cu> Zn>Mn>Se>Fe. Some walnut kernel samples exceeded the national standard the National Food Safety Standard—Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods（GB 2762—2022）safety limit for Pb in nuts and seeds（0.2 mg·kg-1）, with an over standard rate of 0.6%. However, no significant correlation was observed between Pb content in these walnut kernels and their corresponding soils. Among soil samples, the percentages exceeding risk screening values for Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Hg were 0, 56.8%, 18.2%, 14.8%, 1.1%, respectively. The proportions exceeding risk control values for Cd and As were 10.8% and 2.3%, with migration capacities ordered as Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb>As. The average nutritional index（INQ）values for Cu and Mn in walnut kernels exceeded 2, while both single-element target hazard quotients（THQ）and multi-element hazard indices（HI）for heavy metals were below 1. The study indicates that walnut kernels from Guizhou contain abundant mineral nutrients and can serve as a potential dietary source for human intake of Cu and Mn, without posing significant heavy metal exposure risks. |
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