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| Effects of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations under rice-duck co-cultivation in the Erhai watershed |
| Received:July 09, 2024 |
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| KeyWord:rice-duck symbiosis;organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer;rice yield;nitrogen use efficiency |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | XU Yongbo | College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China | | | BAI Caihe | College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China | | | CHEN Wei | College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China | | | LEI Baokun | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China | bklei@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To clarify the effects of nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizers by different organic fertilizers（cow dung and chicken manure）on the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in field water and rice yield under rice-duck symbiosis in Erhai watershed, in this study, a randomized block field experiment was conducted with equal nitrogen inputs of 180 kg·hm-2 and Yunjing 37 rice, and four treatments were set up：CK, no fertilization, no ducks; C+D, cow dung replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis treatment; P + D, chicken manure replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis treatment; F + D, chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis treatment. The results showed that there was a risk of yield reduction（- 18%）in the treatment of C + D compared with the treatment of F+D, and studied the effects of application different organic fertilizers on field water nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and rice yield under equal nitrogen fertilizer substitution conditions. The P+D treatment significantly increased yields and higher yield sustainability, contributing to the various components of rice yield. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen contribution rate were significantly（P<0.05）different among treatments. Nitrogen physiological efficiency was highest in the treatment of C+D, except for P+D treatment, which had the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency. There were differences in the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seed and straw. Compared with F+ D treatment, organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis could increase the content of total nitrogen（TN）, organic matter（OM）and available phosphorus（AP）by 1.13%-3.16%, 8.81%-29.92% and 18.02%, respectively, in the soil layer of 0-30 cm at the harvesting stage of rice. Soil NH +4-N, available phosphorus and available potassium content increased in the later stages of rice crop during the reproductive period. The contents of total nitrogen（TN）and soluble total nitrogen（TDN）in the surface water of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis increased after the application of base fertilizer, and then decreased and stabilized at a low level, and the phosphorus nutrient content of surface water（TP, TDP）was significantly higher than that of the F+D treatment in the whole reproductive period. In summary, under the rice-duck symbiosis, organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer can well improve rice yield and fertilizer utilization, and chicken manure substitution for chemical fertilizer can be a superior ecological agricultural measure to increase production and improve efficiency, but the risk of phosphorus loss needs to be further evaluated. |
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