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| Effects of application amounts of spent mushroom substrate compost on soil fertility and grapevine growth in different textural soils |
| Received:May 19, 2024 |
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| KeyWord:spent mushroom substrate;orchard soil;nutrient;microorganism;photosynthesis;root |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | MA Xiaochi | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | BAI Yatao | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | HAN Feng | Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry of Hinggan League, Ulanhot 137400, China | | | WU Jinggui | College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China | | | MA Yan | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China | myjaas@sina.com |
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| Abstract: |
| A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the application effects of spent mushroom substrates（SMS）compost on the nutrient content and changes in the number of main microorganisms in different textural soils, nutrient distribution patterns in grapevine seedlings, photosynthesis, and root growth. The focal species was the“Shine Muscat”grapevine. Five application amounts of SMS compost （fertilizer weight/soil weight, calculated as dry matter mass）were designated to both loam and clay loam soils：0（T0）, 10（T1）, 20（T2）, 40 g ·kg-1（T3）, and 60 g ·kg-1（T4）. Results revealed that the pH values for both types of soils were significantly reduced with increased amounts of SMS compost applied. Meanwhile, the soil EC value, as well as contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with the amount of SMS compost. When the amount of SMS was T1 in both soils, the total biomass and root to shoot ratio of grapevine seedlings were the highest, which was increased by 1.04% - 112.31% and 34.78% - 246.15%, respectively and were significantly higher than T0, T3, and T4; when the SMS amount was between T1 and T2, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in grapevine roots, stems, and leaves were relatively high. Compared with CK, the application of SMS in loam soils did not effectively increase the total fine root length and root tip count, while the total length and tip count of fine roots were significantly reduced by 44.81% and 39.53%, respectively under T4; When the application amounts of SMS in clay loam soils were T1 and T2, the total length of fine roots was significantly increased by 87.02% and 77.20%, respectively, and the count of root tips was significantly increased by 40.29% and 42.36%, respectively. The photosynthetic performance of grapevine leaves was fluctuant, with the lowest net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance were found under T4 amount. An appropriate amount of SMS（10-20 g ·kg-1）significantly improved soil fertility and the number of major microorganisms, crop biomass, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in different organs, leaf photosynthetic rate, total fine root length and root tip count. However, excessive amounts of SMS（40-60 g·kg-1）significantly reduced the number of soil microorganisms and the growth performance of grapevine seedlings. Overall, an increase in the application amount of SMS compost could significantly improve soil organic matter and available nutrient contents; however, the number of main soil microorganisms and grapevine seedling growth showed an up-and-down tendency. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of SMS compost with a rate of 10 g·kg-1 in loam soils and 10-20 g·kg-1 in clay loam soils have the best effects on improvements in soil fertility and grapevine growth. |
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