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| Effects of wind speed and agitation on the emission of airborne microorganisms from swine manure |
| Received:January 12, 2024 |
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| KeyWord:swine house;microorganisms from swine manure;airborne microorganism;driving force of emissions |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WANG Haiyang | School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | GENG Haoyue | College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | CUI Mengru | College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | WANG Chang | College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | ZHAO Songwen | College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | LI Hanbo | College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | | | LIU Tongshuai | College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China | 80971@hnuahe.edu.cn | | LI Shunyi | School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China | lsy76@zzu.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Manure is one of the important sources of airborne microorganisms in swine ganisms from swine manure to improve air quality in swine houses. The driving force for the escape of airborne microorganisms from manure in swine houses may be mainly due to wind and swine movement. In order to verify this hypothesis, simulated swine houses were constructed, agitation was used to simulate swine activity, and different fans were used to control the wind speed over manure surfaces. A 2×2 factorial design was adopted to study the emission of airborne bacteria and fungi from swine manure, which included two levels of each factor（wind speed：0 m·s-1 and 0.50 m·s-1; agitation situation：agitation and non-agitation）. The experimental results indicated that, without agitation, swine manure had the lowest emission of airborne microorganisms, and the effect of wind speed on the concentration of airborne microorganisms that escaped from swine manure was not significant（P>0.05）. Wind speed and agitation of swine manure were the main driving forces of the bacterial emissions from swine manure, with a significant interaction between these factors. The effect of wind speed on the dispersion of airborne microorganisms from swine manure was demonstrated under the condition of agitation.Under the condition of agitation and wind, swine manure released more airborne microorganisms with large particle sizes（>2.1 μm）, and airborne bacteria and fungi with particle size range of 2.1-3.3 μm were the largest proportions accounting for 22% and 33%, respectively. The amount of airborne microorganisms dispersed from swine manure remained relatively stable before being stored for 144 hours, but increased rapidly thereafter. The bacterial species of swine manure were similar to those dispersed into the air, but the β diversity differed. The main conclusion of this study is that agitation is a prerequisite for the escape of airborne microorganisms in swine manure, and that wind can promote the escape of microorganisms. |
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