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| Chemical evaluation methods for the phytoavailability of heavy metals in soils |
| Received:March 18, 2024 |
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| KeyWord:heavy metals in soils;phytoavailability;chemical evaluation method;chemical extraction method;free ion activity method;stable isotope dilution;diffusive gradients in thin-films（DGT）technique |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | CHEN Wei | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | WEI Zhiying | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | YANG Xiuwen | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | YI Jiapei | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | QIN Chaojie | Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China | | JING Yiming | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | GUO Jun | Changsha Natural Resources Comprehensive Investigation Centre, China Geological Survey, Ningxiang 410600, China
Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China | | ZHANG Jiaquan | Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China | | LUO Zejiao | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China | | QI Shihua | School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China |
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| Abstract: |
| With the accelerated development of urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal pollution in soils has become an environmental issue of widespread concern, globally. Soil heavy metals could be taken up by plants, posing a serious health risk to humans through food chains. Currently, determining the heavy metal concentrations in soils and assessing the pollution levels are mainly based on the total concentrations of heavy metals in soils. However, the total concentrations can neither reflect the geochemical processes of the heavy metals nor accurately assess the levels of heavy metal pollution in soils, making it difficult to precisely evaluate the threat caused by heavy metals in soils to the biota and environment. By contrast, phytoavailability can be used to characterize the occurrence status and plant absorption process of heavy metals in soils, more accurately evaluating the degree of harm they cause to the biota and environment. Herein, the development process of the concept of bioavailability or phytoavailability was introduced and commonly-used chemical evaluation methods were systematically summarized, including chemical extraction methods（single and sequential extraction methods）, free ion activity method, isotope dilution method, and diffusive gradients in thin-films（DGT）technique. Finally, the differences among their theories and applications in phytoavailability determination were also compared. Therefore, this review provides a basis for further research on the phytoavailability of heavy metals in soils, as well as on the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in soils. |
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