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| Stress-related effects of erythromycin on vegetable sprouting and characterization of soil environmental risks |
| Received:December 14, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:erythromycin;vegetable;stress effect;mechanism;risk characterization |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHI Lihu | School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China | | | TIAN Shulei | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | WU Zongru | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | ZHOU Jieya | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | WU Qian | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | WANG Cuo | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | ZHOU Xiuyan | School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China | zxy@neuq.edu.cn | | WU Hao | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To complement the terrestrial biotoxicity data on erythromycin and characterize the risk of erythromycin in the soil environment, seed hydroponics experiments at different erythromycin concentrations were conducted. The test vegetables in this study included lettuce （Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort）, Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa var. chinensis Kitamura）, romaine lettuce（Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf. Lam）, and cabbage（Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel）. The following test indices were used：seed germination rate, seedling shoot length, root length, catalase activity, relative water uptake, and relative membrane permeability. Predicted No Effect Concentration （PNEC）of erythromycin in freshwater and soil environments was obtained by collecting relevant data through the ECOTOX database. The environmental risk to erythromycin after its entry into the soil was explored based on the results of potting experiments. The results showed that under conditions involving erythromycin stress, no significant effect was observed on the germination rate of the four vegetable seeds in the test, and root length increase was significantly inhibited in all of them. Erythromycin stress inhibited the relative water uptake of vegetable seeds and promoted membrane permeability and catalase activity in seedlings. The sensitivity of the four vegetables to erythromycin followed the order：Chinese cabbage>lettuce>romaine lettuce>cabbage, with IC50 values of 29.387, 64.075, 69.255 mg·L-1, and 127.681 mg·L-1, respectively. The PNEC of erythromycin in freshwater and soil were 0.2 μg·L-1 and 0.11 mg·kg-1, respectively. Soil environmental risk is high when erythromycin content in the potting soil exceeds 250 mg·kg-1. Studies have shown that root elongation can be used as a sensitive indicator of erythromycin toxicity and that oilseed rape can be used as an indicator crop for erythromycin toxicity. The main mechanism was influenced by the effects of osmotic stress. The erythromycin concentration should be regulated to maintain a maximum content of 250 mg·kg-1 in the soil environment. |
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