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| Residue and risk assessment of antibiotics in farmland soils in coastal areas |
| Received:October 25, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:antibiotic;coastal area;Maoming City;farmland soil;spatial distribution;risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | HE Zhenxian | Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural and Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Resources and Environmental, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China | | | TAO Xueqin | Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural and Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Resources and Environmental, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225 | xqtao@foxmail.com | | SUN Jianteng | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China | sunjianteng@zju.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To better understand the residue and risk of antibiotics in farmland soils in coastal areas, 130 soil samples were collected from Fujian Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region（37 sites）and Maoming City（93 sites）. Solid phase extraction （SPE）ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography（UHPLC）-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（Q/Orbitrap MS） was used to detect and analyze the residues of seven types of antibiotics, including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, β -lactams, macrolides, lincomycins and chloramphenicol, in soil samples. The spatial distribution characteristics of antibiotics in soil were analyzed by plotting. Ecological risks of antibiotic pollution were evaluated by the mixed risk quotient（MRQ）method. The results showed that the total concentration of antibiotics in 130 farmland soil samples from the coastal area ranged from 0.4-396.8 μg·kg-1. The point detection rate was 100%, and the detection rate of all antibiotics ranged from 0.8% - 77.7%. Among the seven types of antibiotics, the average concentration of β-lactam antibiotics was the highest（28.53 μg·kg-1）. Significant differences in the spatial distribution of antibiotics were observed. The average concentration of total antibiotics in farmland soil in Guangdong Province was the highest（54.72 μg·kg-1）, followed by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region（30.06 μg·kg-1）, with Fujian Province being the lowest（19.79 μg·kg-1）. The total concentrations of antibiotics in Zhongshan City and Jiangmen City samples were much higher than other cities, which were 361.4 μg·kg-1 and 396.8 μg· kg-1, respectively. The trend of fertilizer consumption in the Maoming planting industry is consistent with the trend of total concentration of antibiotics in farmland soils. There was no correlation between antibiotic concentration and population density, and pig and poultry slaughter, in each county. The results of ecological risk assessments showed that the ranges of MRQ in the coastal area and farmland soil of Maoming City were 0.000 5-99.24 and 0.004-46.13, respectively, and the proportion of points above low risk was 75.7% and 96.8%, respectively. Tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides were the main contributors to soil MRQ, with a total average contribution rate of 97.9%. The ecological risk of antibiotics present in farmland soils along the coast should be taken seriously. |
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