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| Multi-scale non-point source pollution modeling of tea plantation in Lake Tianmu basin， China |
| Received:June 04, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:SWAT model;APEX model;tea plantation;non-point source pollution;Lake Tianmu basin |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LAI Zhengqing | School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China | | | XIAO Xuechun | School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China | | | LI Shuo | School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environments, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China | lishuo@njnu.edu.cn | | FEI Guosong | Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Changzhou 213000, China | | | ZHU Liguo | Wuxi Branch of Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Wuxi 214000, China | | | YAN Hao | Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Changzhou 213000, China | | | XIA Yulin | Changzhou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Changzhou 213000, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To quantitatively evaluate the impact of non-point source pollution on the water environment in low mountain and hilly areas with tea plantations as the main land use type, a multi-scale integrated modeling approach was applied in Lake Tianmu basin. Remote sensing technology was used to reveal the structure, spatial pattern, and variation in land use from 2000 to 2019 in the Lake Tianmu basin. By integrating the SWAT model and APEX model, multi-scale watershed features and non-point source pollution processes based on “source-sink” were simulated. Tea plantations were developed on a large scale in the Lake Tianmu basin and were concentrated in the water conservation area, and continue to spread upstream from the reservoir. The APEX-SWAT integrated model achieved good simulation accuracy in the Lake Tianmu basin after model calibration and verification. The simulation results showed that large-scale development of tea plantations contributes to increasing nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Lake Tianmu basin. By 2019, the contribution of total nitrogen by tea plantations exceeded those of other land use types, and the contribution of total phosphorous by tea plantations was second only to cultivated land. Moreover, the two key tea plantation gathering areas for nitrogen and phosphorus production in the Zhucao River watershed and Pingqiao River watershed were spatially determined. The integrated model was applied to simulate three pollution reduction measures related to fertilization reduction, filter belts, and returning tea to forests for tea plantations. Returning tea to forests was the most effective approach for reducing total nitrogen and total phosphorous, followed by planting a 10 m vegetation filter belt in areas in which tea plantations were concentrated and reducing fertilizer application on tea plantations by 20%. Based on these results, to protect the water ecology of water sources influenced by tea plantation development in low mountain and hilly areas, tea plantations with high nitrogen and phosphorus loss in water conservation areas should be converted into forest land and combined with measures such as setting filter belts and avoiding fertilization before rain, according to the local conditions and economic benefits. |
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