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| Effects of biochar on microbial community abundance and activity in long-term Pb and Cd contaminated soils |
| Received:April 22, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:heavy metal pollution;phospholipid fatty acids;biochar;soil respiration |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHAO Jia | Anhui Traffic Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Hefei 230011, China
College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A &
F University, Hangzhou 311300, China | | | ZHAO Yuanlai | College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A &
F University, Hangzhou 311300, China | | | FENG Yanyu | College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A &
F University, Hangzhou 311300, China | | | PAN Yang | Anhui Traffic Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd., Hefei 230011, China | | | YU Jinzhu | College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A &
F University, Hangzhou 311300, China | | | QIN Hua | College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A &
F University, Hangzhou 311300, China | | | CHEN Junhui | College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A &
F University, Hangzhou 311300, China | junhui5@126.com |
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| Abstract: |
| A pot experiment was performed to investigate whether biochar amendment could alleviate the inhibiting effect of long-term Pb and Cd contamination on microbial activity. Soil samples were collected from a field that have been subjected to low, moderate, and high levels of contamination, and were amended with biochar at ratios of 0, 2%, and 4%(biochar/soil weight). Changes in soil properties, heavy metal contents, microbial community abundance, and activity were investigated after 90 days. The results showed that, compared with the low-level pollution, long-term moderate- and high-level heavy metal pollution significantly decreased the total microbial biomass(by 14% and 24%, respectively), gram-negative bacteria(by 34% and 47%), and fungi abundance(by 56% and 57%)as indicated by phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)analysis, and enhanced the soil basal respiration(by 51% and 73%)and the stress index of bacteria to pollution(by 178% and 163%). In contrast, biochar addition significantly decreased extractable Pb and Cd contents of the soil, by 65%~71% and 28%~52%, and increased the abundances of gram-positive(by 14% on average)and gram-negative bacteria(by 30%)and fungi(by 32%), as well as the activity of dehydrogenase(by 426%). Biochar addition also decreased the stress of bacteria by 20% in response to pollution but increased the soil substrate-induced respiration(by 99%). Heavy metal pollution, biochar, and their interaction significantly affected the microbial community structure of soil. Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that total and extractable Pb and Cd contents of soil were key factors driving community structure shifts. Correlation analysis suggested that the increased microbial PLFAs exhibited significantly negative correlations with the extractable Pb and Cd contents, but positive correlations with soil pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Therefore, biochar amendment can alleviate the inhibiting effect of long-term Pb and Cd contamination on microbial activity and may potentially stimulate soil nutrient cycling. |
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