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| Ammonia production and emissions from a mechanically ventilated fattening swine confinement building |
| Received:February 22, 2020 |
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| KeyWord:ammonia;emission factor;fattening barn;swine farm;ventilation rate |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Yang | Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China | | | SHANG Bin | Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China | | | DONG Hong-min | Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China | | | TAO Xiu-ping | Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China | taoxiuping@caas.cn | | XU Wen-qian | Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China | | | YANG Pei-yuan | Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Ammonia(NH3)emissions from livestock operations have become a major concern owing to the potential environmental and health risks, but there is a lack of NH3 emission factors for better understanding the contributions of livestock operations to environmental pollution, especially to smog. The purpose of this study was to quantify NH3 concentrations and the emission factors from a mechanically ventilated fattening swine barn at a commercial breeding swine farm in a suburb of Beijing. The fattening pigs were 90 d to 110 d old during the experimental period. There were three sampling areas in the barn, and the gas samples at each location were collected four times per day for five consecutive days in each season. Meanwhile, the ventilation rates of the exhaust fans in the fattening swine barns were measured using a Fan Assessment Numeration System. The average NH3 concentrations in the fattening swine barns were(3.60±1.67), (3.15±1.02),(3.88±0.38), and(8.41±0.98)mg·m-3 in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Among them, the minimum average appeared in summer and the maximum average was observed in winter. The NH3 concentrations were positively correlated with relative humidity, but negatively correlated with temperatures inside the fattening swine barn. The ventilation rates ranged from 38.1 m3·h-1·pig-1 to 112.7 m3·h-1·pig-1 year-round, and the ventilation rate in summer was 2.08, 2.34, and 3.04 times greater than those in spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. Under the current ventilation scenario, the NH3 concentrations in the fattening barn ranged from 1.6 mg·m-3 to 10.0 mg·m-3(except for fan fault), and all the values were lower than the limit value of 25.0 mg·m-3 of GB/T 17824.3-2008. The NH3 emission fluxes of the fattening barn in different seasons during the daytime(from 7 am to 5 pm)were approximately 0.17~0.24 g·h-1·m-2, and the corresponding daily mean emission fluxes were approximately 0.13~0.23 g·h-1·m-2. The emission flux in summer was equal to that in winter, both were higher than those in autumn and spring, and the lowest value of emission flux was in autumn. The fundamental data on NH3 production and NH3 emission factors of a deep-pit confinement fattening swine house were achieved in this study. |
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