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| Phosphorus loading rates from livestock and poultry faeces, and environmental evaluation in China |
| Received:May 12, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:livestock and poultry faeces;pig manure equivalent(P)of phosphorus;loading rate;returning rate to farmland;temporal and spatial distribution |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIU Xiao-yong | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | WANG Xiu-bin | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | | | LI Shu-tian | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China | lishutian@cass.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Determining the loading rates of livestock/poultry feces and corresponding phosphorus levels as well as the related environmental risks in farmland in China can provide a scientific basis for decision-making in controlling the livestock/poultry scale, redistribution, and faeces returning to farmland. In this study, we estimated the temporal and spatial changes of livestock/poultry faeces using the pig manure equivalent(P) of phosphorus based on statistical data and the literature. The current amount of livestock/poultry faeces and phosphorus, loading rate, and their returning and environmental pollution risks in each province of China were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the amount of pig manure equivalent(P) and P from livestock/poultry faeces increased rapidly from 1978 to 2005 and then remained stable from 2005 to 2016. By 2016, the pig manure equivalent(P) was 2.12×109 t and P was 5.45×106 t, representing a 123% increase, with the largest amount found in northcentral China. At the regional level, based on arable land or planting area, the southwest and southeast regions had large P loading rates with a grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ loading risk index(r), representing a serious or relatively serious environmental pollution risk. When based on farmland area, the southeast, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River(MLRYR), and northcentral regions had very high P loading rates, with grade Ⅳ r and a relatively serious pollution risk. At the provincial level, Hunan had the largest loading rate, followed by Beijing, Guangdong, and Henan Province, with a grade V r, indicating a serious pollution risk. The returned pig manure equivalent(P) and P to farmland values were 1.15×109t (3.1 t·hm-2) and 2.95×106t (8.0 kg P·hm-2), respectively. At the regional level, the northcentral region had the largest returning rates with an r of Ⅲ and pollution risk, followed by the northcentral and MLRYR regions, with an r of Ⅱ and light pollution risk, followed by the northeast, southwest, and northwest regions with no pollution. At the provincial level, Hunan and Beijing showed relatively higher returning rates with an r of Ⅳ and relatively serious pollution risk. Most provinces in the northcentral, MLRYR, and southeast regions, and some provinces in the southwest region had returning rates that were nearly or more than 50% greater than the annual permissible amount of P from animal faeces, representing a high pollution risk. |
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