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| Acute risks of pesticide residues in greenhouse tomato and cucumber field soil to earthworms |
| Received:March 14, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:greenhouse vegetables;soil;pesticide residues;earthworm;acute risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | JIANG Lin-jie | Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | GENG Yue | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Lu | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | PENG Yi | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LIU Hai-jun | Test Center for Agri-products Quality of Ji′nan, Ji′nan 250316, China | | | XU Ya-ping | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LIU Xiao-wei | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | xwliu2006@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| The present study investigated the pesticide residues in the soil of greenhouse vegetables and estimated their acute risk to earthworms. Soil samples were collected from the greenhouses where tomato and cucumber are planted in Jiyang County, Shandong Province of China at the following three periods, the middle and after the growing season and the middle of the next growing season. Pesticide residues of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, carbendazim, imidacloprid, abamectin, fosthiazate, isofenphos-methyl, carbofuran, and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were determined using ultra-fast-tandem mass spectrometry(UFLC-MS/MS), and then the risk quotient(RQ)method was used to assess the risks of the detected pesticides to earthworms. In 39 soil samples from the greenhouse tomato field, the most frequently detected chemicals were thiamethoxam(90%), clothianidin(79%), and imidacloprid(49%)at mean detected concentrations of 0.107, 0.100, and 0.233 mg·kg-1 dw, respectively. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were detected in 63% and 57% of the 30 soil samples from the greenhouse cucumber field, with mean detected concentration of 1.18 and 0.126 mg·kg-1 dw, respectively. In 39 soil samples from the greenhouse tomato field, 95% of the RQs were <1, whereas in 30 soils from the greenhouse cucumber field, 97% were <1. Imidacloprid in two soils and clothianidin in one soil posed unacceptable risks to earthworms. The safety threshold concentration for earthworms was 1.07 and 0.593 mg·kg-1 dw for imidacloprid and clothianidin, respectively. The target pesticide residues rarely posed high risks to earthworm in the investigated samples, but the safety threshold concentration should be applied to protect the earthworm from high-risk pesticides. |
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