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| Foliar application of DMSA: Effects on Cd and other mineral elements in rice grains |
| Received:May 28, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:rice;cadmium;2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid;foliar application |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YANG Xiao-rong | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | HUANG Yong-chun | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | nylab@126.com | | LIU Zhong-qi | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Chang-rong | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHANG Chang-bo | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Cd pollution in farmland soils has become one of the most important agricultural environmental problems in China. In this study, the feasibility of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as a foliar modulator for the reduction of rice grain Cd content was evaluated. After spraying DMSA on rice leaves during flowering, we monitored the transport of Cd from phloem to grain. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of DMSA on the distribution of Cd and some other mineral elements in different parts of the rice, and discussed the mechanism through which DMSA could prevent the migration of Cd to the rice grains. The results showed that the application of DMSA on the leaf surface of late rice reduced the rice grain Cd content by 15.84%~46.09%; additionally, the Cd content in the rachis, the first internode, and the first node decreased by 10.03%~41.41%, 9.13%~28.46%, and 18.30%~38.32%, respectively. No significant difference in Cd content was noted in the other organs of the plant. The rice grain Cd content and the concentration of sprayed DMSA showed an obvious dose-effect relationship within a certain range; however, once the spraying concentration exceeded 4 mmol·L-1, the rice grain Cd content did not decrease continuously anymore. The results of this study can be used to support agricultural production. We further noticed that the foliar application of DMSA reduced the rice grain Mn content, but did not have significant effects on the content of other mineral elements (e.g. K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn). After the application of DMSA, the transfer coefficient of Cd from the flag leaf to the first node of the plant was significantly reduced. The transfer coefficient of Cd from the first internode of the plants to the grains also showed a decreasing trend, but the reduction was not significant. According to the above results, the application of DMSA on rice leaves during flowering can reduce the transport of Cd to the grains, mainly through the chelation of Cd2+ in the leaves and other tissues of the plant. The Mn content reduction in late rice grains, following the application of DMSA, might indicate that this acid affected the expression of gene Nramp5 (a transporter of Cd and Mn); nevertheless, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed through further studies. Here, we provide new theoretical bases for the development of a new type of modulator that can reduce rice grain Cd content. The application of this modulator might ensure the quality and safety of rice in Cd-polluted farmland soils. |
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