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| Contamination and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils of Zhejiang Province,China |
| Received:December 11, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;farmland soil;source;ecological risk;health risk |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Xin-hong | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | SHI Xiao-di | State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | | | MA Jin | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | majin@craes.org.cn | | FANG Di | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | di.fang@njau.edu.cn | | QIU Xing-hua | State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| In this study, gridded field observations at 62 sites were undertaken to determine the concentration, composition, sources, and ecological and health risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in Zhejiang Province. The methods consisted of Soxhlet extraction and silica gel column chromatography, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The concentrations of ΣPAHs ranged from 34.04 ng·g-1 to 1 990.38 ng·g-1, and high molecular weight PAHs were dominant in all soils. The level of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)was lower than the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard(GB15618-2018). Source diagnostic ratio and principal component analysis showed that vehicle emissions, and coal and biomass combustion, were the main sources of PAHs. According to Nemerow's pollution index, ecological risks extensively exist in 87.10% of the sampling sites. Toxic equivalents of PAHs ranged from 1.53 ng·g-1 to 268.27 ng·g-1, in which 7 carcinogenic PAHs contributed 99.18%. PAHs exposures of adults and children via ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation were estimated. I Ingestion was found to be the most important PAHs exposure pathway, and non-carcinogenic risks were negligible, while the comprehensive carcinogenic risk for children exceeded acceptable levels. This research provides useful information on human exposure to PAHs in farmland soils of Zhejiang Province, and is valuable for policy makers and scientists. |
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