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| Impacts of elevated ozone concentration and foliar zinc application on yield, grain zinc content and bioavailability of wheat |
| Received:August 14, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:wheat;ozone;foliar Zn application;grain yield;Zn bioavailability |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Qing | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | JIA Yi-lei | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | YANG Lian-xin | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | WANG Yu-long | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | | | WANG Yun-xia | College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China | yxwang@yzu.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| We studied the effects of elevated ozone concentrations and foliar zinc (Zn) applications on grain yield, Zn content, and bioavailability of the wheat grain fractions. This was done to provide a scientific basis and technical reference for Zn biofortification of wheat under climate change scenarios. The wheat cultivar Qingzi 1 was grown in glasshouse-type fumigation chambers from late elongation stage until maturity. Two chambers had low ozone concentration and acted as controls (clean air, 10 nL·L-1) and anothers two had elevated concentration of ozone and acted as stress treatments (ozone, 100 nL·L-1). Foliar spray of ZnSO4 solution (0.1% Zn2+) was applied at flowering and one week after flowering. The yield and its components, Zn concentration, Zn content, phytic acid concentration (PA) and the molar ratio of PA to Zn (PA/Zn) of grain fractions were determined at maturity. Zinc treatment had little effect on grain yield. Elevated ozone concentration reduced grain yield by 66%; these were attributed to a 27% reduction in grain per panicle and a 53% reduction in thousand-grain weight, with no change in panicle number per square meter. Zinc concentrations in three grain fractions:bran, shorts, and flour differed significantly, with the Zn concentration in flour being the lowest and that in bran being the highest. PA and the PA/Zn ratio showed the same tendency. Elevated ozone concentration increased Zn concentrations in grain fractions by 15%~41% and PA concentrations by 8%~45%, compared to clean air, which did not lead to any changes in the PA/Zn. Elevated ozone concentrations reduced the proportion of Zn accumulated in wheat flour to the total Zn content in grain. The foliar application of ZnSO4 increased Zn concentrations in grain fractions by 22%~24% and decreased the PA/Zn by 15%~19%, compared with control (water spray), but had no effect on PA or Zn distribution in the grain fractions. There was no interaction between ozone and Zn treatments for all measured parameters, but interactions between ozone treatment and grain fraction or Zn treatment and grain fraction were found for several parameters. Ozone stress decreased grain yield and Zn accumulation while increasing Zn concentrations but had no effect on Zn bioavailability of all grain fractions. Although foliar Zn application at early grain growing stage did not change grain yield, it significantly increased Zn concentration and bioavailability of the different grain fractions. However, the increases were not influenced by ozone pollution. |
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