| 张雨晴,段婧婧,侯勇,徐玖亮,薛利红,许稳,杨林章.沟塘系统对面源污染物的工程拦截效果评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(8):2057-2063. |
| 沟塘系统对面源污染物的工程拦截效果评估 |
| Research on the engineering interception effectiveness of ditch-pond systems for non-point source pollutants |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-18 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0894 |
| 中文关键词: 农业面源污染防治 工程应用 污染负荷削减 水质改善 |
| 英文关键词: control of agricultural non-point source pollution engineering application pollutant load reduction water quality improvement |
| 基金项目:云南省重大科技专项“洱海流域农业高质量发展与面源污染防控协同的创新模式构建与示范”（202202AE090034）；云南省张福锁院士 工作站（202305AF150055） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究以“源头减量-生态拦截-循环利用”为总体思路，在洱海流域大理市湾桥镇古生片区进行技术集成与工程化应用，在源头减量的基础上，在生态沟塘系统中利用木桩带、植物强化廊道等方法对稻季（6—8月）含有高浓度氮、磷的片区农田（包括稻田和旱地，约320 hm2）径流水加以拦截并净化，然后汇入库塘进一步净化后再次回用到稻田。通过对2023年稻季生态沟塘关键进出口的水质、水量监测，结果表明：整个生长季农田源头总氮和总磷的减排量分别为55.4 kg和50.4 kg，在此基础上，示范工程在稻季拦截径流水约28万m3，生态沟渠对总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为32%和35%，生态库塘对总氮和总磷平均去除率分别为31%和33%，生态沟塘系统整体对总氮和总磷的去除率为31.5%和34.0%。生态沟渠对总氮和总磷的消纳量为817 kg和67 kg，生态库塘对总氮和总磷的消纳量为984.5 kg和37.8 kg，回用量与浮萍打捞对总氮和总磷消纳量为57.1 kg和7.0 kg。总体来看，综合措施对总氮和总磷实际消纳量分别为 1 914.0 kg和 162.2 kg。根据入湖点位流量和氮、磷浓度监测评估结果，古生片区总氮和总磷入湖负荷分别为 9 071 kg和 591 kg，则生态沟塘系统对古生片区农田和村落地表径流水中总氮和总磷入湖污染负荷削减率分别为17.4%和21.5%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study adopts the overall approach of "source reduction - ecological interception - recycling" in the Gusheng area of Wanqiao Town, Dali City, Erhai Lake basin. Through technological integration and engineering application, it intercepts and purifies runoff water with high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during the rice season（June to August）in the agricultural fields（including rice paddies and dry land, approximately 320 hm2）in the ecological ditch and pond system using methods such as wooden stake belts and plant-enhanced corridors. The purified water is then further treated in reservoirs and reused in rice fields. Monitoring the water quality and quantity of key inflows and outflows in the ecological ditch and pond during the 2023 rice season, the results show that the total reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus at the source in the agricultural fields throughout the growing season is 55.4 kg and 50.4 kg, respectively. Additionally, the demonstration project intercepts approximately 280 000 m3 of runoff water during the rice season. The average removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the ecological ditch are 32% and 35%, respectively, while in the ecological reservoir, they are 31% and 33%. Overall, the ecological ditch and pond system achieves a removal rate of 31.5% for total nitrogen and 34.0% for total phosphorus. The nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation in the ecological ditch amounts to 817 and 67 kg, respectively, while in the ecological reservoir, it is 984.5 and 37.8 kg. The reuse and removal through water hyacinth harvesting contribute 57.1 kg and 7.0 kg, respectively. In summary, the comprehensive measures result in an actual assimilation of 1 914.0 kg of total nitrogen and 162.2 kg of total phosphorus. Based on monitoring assessments of inflow rates and nitrogen-phosphorus concentrations at the lake inlet points, the total nitrogen and phosphorus loads from the Gu Sheng area are 9 071 kg and 591 kg, respectively. Therefore, the ecological ditch and pond system reduces the pollution load of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from agricultural fields and village surface runoff in the Gusheng area by 17.4% and 21.5%, respectively. |
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