| 潘吴意,张迎颖,张志勇,龚新羽,闻学政,王岩,姜智绘,刘海琴,宋雪飞.生态沟渠对太湖流域稻田径流的净化效能及其配置规模[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(8):2009-2022. |
| 生态沟渠对太湖流域稻田径流的净化效能及其配置规模 |
| Purification efficiency and allocation scale of ecological ditches for pollutants from paddy field runoff in Taihu Lake basin |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-16 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0053 |
| 中文关键词: 生态沟渠 稻田径流 氮 磷 配置规模 |
| 英文关键词: ecological ditches paddy field runoff nitrogen phosphorus configuration scale |
| 基金项目:江苏省重点研发计划项目（D21YFD17008）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1700805-02）；国家重大科技专项水体污染控制与治理专 项（2017ZX07202004-07） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 潘吴意 | 江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 江苏 镇江 212013
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 张迎颖 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | fly8006@163.com | | 张志勇 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 龚新羽 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 闻学政 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 王岩 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 姜智绘 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 刘海琴 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 宋雪飞 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解析生态沟渠与农田面积的适配规模，基于太湖流域生态沟渠净化稻田径流的现场运行试验，选择常州武进水稻耕作区内3条自然排水沟渠进行生态化改造，通过在沟渠中增设水生植物、拦截透水坝（填充环保基质），构建梯级净化系统。根据沟渠长度设置不同处理：1号沟渠（ED1）长77 m，布设2组强化净化措施（每组含 30 m 植物带+1座透水坝）；2号沟渠（ED2）长 186m，布设 5 组强化净化措施形成强化处理系统；3 号沟渠（ED3）长193 m作为对照，不进行处理。通过对比不同处理级生态沟渠对稻田径流中主要污染物的拦截效果，分析生态沟渠建设规模与净化效能的关系，并探究与农田面积匹配的适宜配置规模。结果表明：设置强化净化措施的生态沟渠在净化稻田径流主要污染物方面显著优于未设置该措施的生态沟渠（P<0.05），其中设置5组强化净化措施的ED2净化效果最优，其对水体总氮（TN）、NO-3-N、NH+4-N、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）和悬浮物（SS）的平均削减率分别为 41.54%、37.32%、26.72%、31.19%、54.67% 和 63.56%，对 TN、TP 污染通量的平均削减量分别为 652.62、28.19 g·d-1。水生植物黄菖蒲和梭鱼草的生长表现均优于苦草，且在稻田退水的氮、磷污染净化方面贡献更为显著。在自然降雨条件下，为确保沟渠出水中TN和TP达到地表水Ⅴ类标准，3条沟渠中ED2所需的长度最短，分别为9.79 m和11.51 m。667 m2稻田的退水平均流量约为 7.93 m3·d-1，农田退水中 TN和 TP的平均浓度分别为 6.33 mg·L-1和 0.62 mg·L-1。为了达到地表水Ⅴ类标准，依据 ED2沟渠的配置规模，1 m2生态沟渠可处理约39 m2的农田退水，相当于1 m3生态沟渠可处理约12 m3的农田退水。因此，后续研究应重点围绕区域特征合理设定生态沟渠配置规模，构建适配参数的动态量化模型，并协同优化“田-沟-塘”系统的规模配比。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to analyze the adaptation scale between ecological ditches and farmland area, based on the field operation test of purifying rice runoff by ecological ditches in Taihu Lake basin, three natural drainage ditches in Wujin rice cultivation area of Changzhou were selected for ecological transformation. A tiered purification system was constructed by introducing aquatic plants and intercepting permeable dams（filled with environmentally friendly substrates）into the ditches. Different treatments were implemented based on ditch length：Ditch 1（ED1, 77 m）was equipped with 2 sets of enhanced purification measures（each comprising a 30-meter vegetation zone and one permeable dam）; Ditch 2（ED2, 186 m）incorporated 5 sets of such measures to form an intensified treatment system; Ditch 3（ED3, 193 m）served as the control group without modifications. Through comparative analysis of pollutant interception efficiencies across treatment levels, this study investigates the relationship between ecological ditch construction scale and purification performance, aiming to identify appropriate configuration scales compatible with farmland areas. The results showed that the ecological ditch with enhanced purification measures was significantly better than the ecological ditch without such measures（P<0.05）. Among them, ED2 with five sets of enhanced purification measures exhibited the optimal purification efficiency. The average reduction rates of total N（TN）, NO-3-N, NH+4-N, total P （TP）, chemical oxygen demand（COD）and suspended solids（SS）by ED2 were 41.54%, 37.32%, 26.72%, 31.19%, 54.67%, 63.56%, respectively. The average reduction of TN and TP pollution flux by ED2 was 652.62 g · d-1 and 28.19 g · d-1, respectively. The growth performance of Iris pseudacorus and Pontederia cordata is better than that of Vallisneria natans, and their contribution to purifying nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field backwater is more significant. Under the condition of natural rainfall, in order to ensure that TN and TP in the ditch effluent met the standard of surface water, the length of ED2 in the three ditches was the shortest, which was 9.79 m and 11.51 m respectively. The average flow rate of 667 m2 paddy field is about 7.93 m3·d-1, and the average concentrations of TN and TP in farmland backwater are 6.33 mg · L-1 and 0.62 mg · L-1, respectively. The effluent was required to meet the class V standard of surface water. According to the configuration scale of ED2 ditch, 1 m2 ecological ditch can treat about 39 m2 farmland backwater, that is, 1 m3 ecological ditch can treat about 12 m3 farmland backwater. Therefore, subsequent studies should focus on rationally determining the configuration scale of ecological ditches based on regional characteristics, constructing dynamic quantitative models with adaptive parameters, and collaboratively optimizing the scale ratio of the “field-ditch-pond” system. |
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