有机无机配施优化根系构型阻控氮流失

徐烨红; 巴雯雯; 陆超; 罗佳; 马艳

文章摘要

徐烨红,巴雯雯,陆超,罗佳,马艳.有机无机配施优化根系构型阻控氮流失[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(8):1964-1976.

有机无机配施优化根系构型阻控氮流失

Optimizing root morphology through combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers to reduce nitrogen loss

投稿时间：2025-06-18

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0569

中文关键词: 露天菜地氮肥用量有机肥种类根系构型径流

英文关键词: open vegetable field nitrogen fertilizer rate type of organic fertilizer root morphology runoff

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1700803）

作者	单位	E-mail
徐烨红	江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 江苏镇江 212013 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 国家农业环境六合观测实验站, 南京 210014
巴雯雯	江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 江苏镇江 212013 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014
陆超	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 国家农业环境六合观测实验站, 南京 210014
罗佳	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 国家农业环境六合观测实验站, 南京 210014
马艳	江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014 国家农业环境六合观测实验站, 南京 210014	mayan@jaas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

有机无机配施是优化养分管理、阻控氮素流失的有效途径，目前大多数研究聚焦菜地氮素流失与蔬菜地上部生长的关系，而关于地下部根系形态对有机无机配施的响应及其影响菜地氮流失的机制尚不清楚。通过田间小区试验，选择不同用量氮肥与具有不同矿化能力的菇渣有机肥（SM）和羊粪有机肥（MC），以及旨在促进高纤维素有机肥矿化的纤维素酶（E）配合施用，在自然降雨条件下研究其对露地蔬菜产量、根系形态和径流氮流失的影响。试验共设置6个处理：常规用量氮肥（N450）、常规用量氮肥配施有机肥（N450+SM、N450+MC）、氮肥减量30%（N315）、氮肥减量30%配施有机肥（N315+SM、N315+SM+E）。结果表明，与N450处理相比，N315处理并未显著影响甘蓝产量，而有机无机配施处理显著提高甘蓝产量和氮肥偏生产力，增幅分别为14.2%~39.1%和 26.8%~64.5%。与 N450处理相比，N315、N315+SM和 N315+SM+E处理显著降低径流可溶性总氮和硝态氮流失量，降幅分别为 26.9%~44.3% 和 32.4%~47.5%；N315+SM 和 N315+SM+E 处理的径流铵态氮流失量显著降低 11.7%~13.6%。N315 处理较N450处理甘蓝根尖数降低11.0%；而N315+SM和N315+SM+E处理甘蓝总根长、总根表面积、根尖数和细根总量均显著高于N315处理，增幅分别为 24.5%~33.2%、16.0%~24.5%、26.0%~33.7% 和 26.5%~34.1%，且其总根长、根尖数、细根总量和细根占比均优于N450+SM和N450+MC处理。甘蓝氮素吸收量与其总根体积、总根表面积呈显著的正相关关系；径流可溶性总氮和硝态氮流失量与甘蓝的总根长、细根总量和细根占比呈显著的负相关关系，根系构型的优化对于径流氮素的削减具有重要作用。研究表明，氮肥减量30%与菇渣有机肥、纤维素酶联合施用，优化蔬菜根系形态并增加蔬菜氮素吸收量，是实现露地蔬菜增产与径流氮减排协同的推荐措施。

英文摘要:

The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an effective way to optimize nutrient management and reduce nitrogen loss. Most studies focused on the relationships between nitrogen loss and the aboveground growth of vegetables, whereas the response of the underground root morphology to organic-inorganic fertilizer application and its mechanism affecting nitrogen loss in vegetable fields remain unclear. In this study, a field plot experiment was conducted using different nitrogen application rates combined with spent mushroom（SM）or manure compost（MC）, selected for their different mineralization capacities. Cellulase（E）was specifically co-applied to promote the mineralization of high-cellulose organic fertilizer. The effects on vegetable yield, root morphology and nitrogen loss through runoff under natural rainfall conditions were investigated. The experiment included six treatments：conventional nitrogen rate （N450）, conventional nitrogen rate combined with organic fertilizer（N450 + SM, N450 +MC）, 30% -reduced nitrogen rate（N315）, and 30% - reduced nitrogen rate combined with organic fertilizer（N315 + SM, N315 + SM + E）. The results showed that, compared to N450 treatment, N315 treatment did not significantly influence cabbage yield, while combined organic and mineral fertilization treatments significantly increased both cabbage yield and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 14.2% - 39.1% and 26.8% - 64.5%, respectively. Compared to N450 treatment, N315, N315+SM, and N315+SM+E treatments significantly reduced total dissolved nitrogen and nitrate loss through runoff by 26.9%-44.3% and 32.4%-47.5%, respectively, while the ammonium loss through runoff was significantly reduced by 11.7% - 13.6% under N315 + SM and N315 + SM + E treatments. Compared to N450 treatment, N315 treatment reduced the number of cabbage root tips by 11.0%. In contrast, compared to N315 treatment, N315 + SM and N315 + SM +E treatments significantly increased total root length, total root surface area, number of root tips and total amount of fine roots of cabbage, with increases ranging from 24.5% to 33.2%, 16.0% to 24.5%, 26.0% to 33.7% and 26.5% to 34.1%, respectively. In addition, their total root length, root tip number, total amount of fine roots and the proportion of fine roots were better than those under N450+SM and N450+MC treatments. The nitrogen uptake of cabbage showed significant positive correlations with its total root volume and surface area. Total dissolved nitrogen and nitrate loss through runoff showed significant negative correlations with the total root length, total amount of fine roots and the proportion of fine roots of cabbage. The optimization of root morphology played an important role in mitigating nitrogen loss through runoff. In conclusion, combining a 30%-reduced nitrogen rate with spent mushroom and cellulase can improve root morphology and nitrogen uptake amount of vegetables, which is recommended to enhance yield as well as reduce nitrogen loss through runoff in open-field vegetable production system.

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