| 余庆,冯涛,丁紫娟,柯娜,段洪波,聂江文,朱波,蒋梦蝶,刘章勇.有机肥与控释尿素减氮配施对再生稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(6):1675-1685. |
| 有机肥与控释尿素减氮配施对再生稻田温室气体排放的影响 |
| Effects of organic fertilizer and controlled-release urea with reduced nitrogen on greenhouse gas emissions from ratoon rice paddies |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0655 |
| 中文关键词: 再生稻 温室气体 全球增温潜势 有机肥 控释尿素 |
| 英文关键词: ratoon rice greenhouse gas global warming potential organic fertilizer controlled-release urea |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2301000）；湖北省自然科学基金青年项目（2024AFB299）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（2024AFA078）；石首先行县“先进技术集成示范基地建设与定向攻关”项目（SS202304） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究有机肥与控释尿素配施对再生稻田温室气体排放与产量的影响，设置5个施肥处理：常规施氮（FFP）、一次性侧深施控释尿素（CRU）、有机肥替代20%氮素+一次性侧深施控释尿素（OF+CRU1）、总施氮量减10%+有机肥替代20%氮素+一次性侧深施控释尿素（OF+CRU2）、总施氮量减20%+有机肥替代20%氮素+一次性侧深施控释尿素（OF+CRU3）。采用静态箱-气相色谱法对稻田温室气体排放进行田间监测。结果表明：稻田CH4和N2O排放主要集中在头季，其累积排放量分别占全生育期排放总量的86.28%~89.39%和72.88%~75.23%；CRU处理的全生育期CH4和N2O排放量分别比FFP处理降低55.27%和25.08%；与CRU相比，有机肥与控释尿素配施增加了全生育期CH4排放量，但降低了N2O排放量；在3个有机肥与控释尿素配施处理中，CH4和N2O累积排放量随总氮施入量的减少而降低。与FFP相比，CRU处理降低了再生稻田全球增温潜势（GWP）；有机肥与控释尿素配施的GWP高于CRU处理，在3个有机肥与控释尿素配施处理中，GWP从大到小依次为OF+CRU1>OF+CRU2>OF+CRU3。CRU的温室气体排放强度（GHGI）相比于FFP降低了54.69%；OF+CRU1、OF+CRU2、OF+CRU3的GHGI与CRU相比分别增加了41.38%、36.21%和41.38%。与FFP相比，CRU的两季稻谷总产量提高了2.20%；OF+CRU1和OF+CRU2处理两季总产量相比CRU分别提高了9.58%和9.27%，两季总产量在OF+CRU3和CRU之间无显著差异。CH4排放与水稻地上部净初级生产力（NPP）、土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）；N2O排放与水稻NPP呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05），与土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。研究表明，与一次性侧深单独施控释肥相比，有机肥替代与控释肥配施虽然增加了CH4排放，但降低了N2O排放，其中OF+CRU2处理不仅产量最高，而且其单位产量产生的温室效应最低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and controlled-release urea on greenhouse gas emissionsand yield in ratoon rice fields, five fertilization treatments were set up：conventional nitrogen application（FFP）, one-time side deep application of controlled-release urea（CRU）; Replacing 20% nitrogen with organic fertilizer+ one-time deep application of controlled-release urea（OF+CRU1）, reducing total nitrogen application by 10%+replacing 20% nitrogen with organic fertilizer+one-time deep application of controlled-release urea（OF+CRU2）, reducing total nitrogen application by 20%+replacing 20% nitrogen with organic fertilizer+one-time deep application of controlled-release urea（OF+CRU3）. Field monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields using static box gas chromatography method. The results showed that CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields were mainly concentrated in the first season, with their cumulative emissions accounting for 86.28%-89.39% and 72.88%-75.23% of the total emissions during the entire growth period, respectively; The CH4 and N2O emissions during the entire growth period of CRU treatment were reduced by 55.27% and 25.08%, respectively, compared to FFP treatment; Compared with CRU, the combination of organic fertilizer and controlled-release urea increased CH4 emissions throughout the growth period, but reduced N2O emissions; In the combination of three organic fertilizers and controlled-release urea treatments, the cumulative emissions of CH4 and N2O decreased with the decrease of total nitrogen application. Compared with FFP, CRU treatment reduced the global warming potential（GWP）of ratoon rice fields; The GWP of the combination of organic fertilizer and controlled-release urea was higher than that of the CRU treatment. Among the three organic fertilizer and controlled-release urea combination treatments, the order of GWP from highest to lowest was OF+CRU1>OF+CRU2>OF+CRU3. The Greenhouse gas emission intensity（GHGI）of CRU decreased by 54.69% compared to FFP; The GHGI of OF+CRU1, OF+CRU2, and OF+ CRU3 increased by 41.38%, 36.21%, and 41.38% respectively compared to CRU. Compared with FFP, Total yield of two seasons of CUR increased by 2.20%; The total yield of the two seasons treated with OF+CRU1 and OF+CRU2 increased by 9.58% and 9.27% respectively compared to CRU, but there was no significant difference in total yield between OF+CRU3 and CRU. There is a significant positive correlation（P<0.01）between CH4 emissions and net primary productivity（NPP）of rice aboveground parts, as well as soil NH4+-N and NO3--N content; N2O emissions were significantly negatively correlated with rice NPP（P<0.05）, and significantly positively correlated with soil NH4+-N and NO3--N content（P<0.01）. Research has shown that compared with the single application of controlled-release fertilizer in a single deep side, the combination of organic fertilizer substitution and controlled-release fertilizer application increased CH4 emissions but reduced N2O emissions. Among them, the OF+CRU2 treatment not only had the highest yield, but also produced the lowest greenhouse effect per unit yield. |
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