| 王建茜,高磊,钱芮,刘霞,彭新华.典型黑土区坡耕地侵蚀特征及其对氮素迁移的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(6):1590-1599. |
| 典型黑土区坡耕地侵蚀特征及其对氮素迁移的影响 |
| Erosion characteristics of sloping croplands in typical black soil region and its effects on nitrogen migration |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-14 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0596 |
| 中文关键词: 黑土 土壤侵蚀 氮流失 坡位 极端降水 |
| 英文关键词: mollisol soil erosion nitrogen loss slope position extreme precipitation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1500801）；中国科学院先导专项（XDA28010101） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王建茜 | 南京林业大学林草学院与水土保持学院, 江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037
中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 211135 | | | 高磊 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 211135 | lgao@issas.ac.cn | | 钱芮 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 211135
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 刘霞 | 南京林业大学林草学院与水土保持学院, 江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037 | | | 彭新华 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 211135
1. 南京林业大学林草学院与水土保持学院, 江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确典型黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沉积特征及其驱动的氮素水平迁移特征，基于2023年度坡顶至坡脚不同侵蚀沉积部位的原位监测，量化了坡耕地不同部位的侵蚀沉积速率，阐明了侵蚀沉积对氮素水平迁移的影响。结果表明：研究期间坡耕地呈中度侵蚀，侵蚀速率为2 530.7 t·km-2·a-1，流失速率为1 085.5 t·km-2·a-1，年土壤流失厚度为0.99 mm；不同侵蚀部位的侵蚀沉积特征差异显著，侵蚀改变了坡耕地黑土层厚度的空间格局。坡中是黑土流失“热区”，2023年坡中土壤被剥蚀3.5 mm，坡上流失1.8 mm，而坡下黑土层变厚6.8 mm；土壤侵蚀对氮素迁移具有重要影响，坡耕地年总氮流失强度为18.9 kg·hm-2，其中，坡上和坡中氮素流失强度分别为37.2 kg·hm-2和57.9 kg·hm-2，坡下氮素每公顷沉积了113.3 kg；极端降水在黑土侵蚀及氮素迁移中起着重要作用。占全年降水量22%的单场极端降水，贡献了34%的产流量、49%的产沙量和44%的氮素流失量。研究表明，典型黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀沉积具有鲜明的时空特征，并显著影响土壤氮素的流失，坡中是侵蚀和氮素流失的“热区”，极端降水事件是流失的“热时”。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the erosion and deposition characteristics at different positions on sloped farmland in a typical black soil region and the nitrogen migration driven by these processes. Through in-situ dynamic monitoring in 2023, the erosion and deposition rates at different slope positions were quantified, and the impact of erosion on nitrogen migration was elucidated. The result shows that：during the study period, the sloped farmland experienced moderate erosion, with erosion rate of 2 530.7 t·km-2·a-1, the soil loss rate was 1 085.5 t·km-2·a-1 and an annual soil loss thickness of 0.99 mm. The erosion and deposition characteristics varied significantly across different erosion sites, altering the spatial pattern of black soil layer thickness on the slope. The middle slope was identified as a "hotspot" for black soil loss, with 3.5 mm of soil erosion in 2023, while the upper slope lost 1.8 mm, and the lower slope saw an increase in black soil layer thickness by 6.8 mm. Soil erosion had a significant impact on nitrogen migration, with an annual total nitrogen（TN）loss intensity of 18.9 kg·hm-2 on the sloped farmland. The nitrogen loss intensities were 37.2 kg·hm-2 on the upper slope and 57.9 kg·hm-2 on the middle slope, whereas 113.3 kg · hm-2 was deposited at the lower slope. Extreme rainfall events played a crucial role in black soil erosion and nitrogen migration. Asingle extreme rainfall event, accounting for 22% of the annual precipitation, contributed 34% of the runoff, 49% of the sediment yield, and 44% of the nitrogen loss. The erosion and deposition of soil on slop farmland in typical black soil regions exhibit distinct temporal and spatial characteristics, significantly influencing soil nitrogen loss. The middle slope area is a "hotspot" for erosion and nitrogen loss, while extreme rainfall events are the "hot moments" for these processes. |
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