| 陈悦,丰晨晨,陈富鹏,林迪,李岚涛.聚丙烯微塑料对冬小麦植株和土壤理化性质影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(6):1506-1523. |
| 聚丙烯微塑料对冬小麦植株和土壤理化性质影响 |
| Effects of polypropylene microplastics on physicochemical properties of winter wheat plants and soil |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-22 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0621 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 聚丙烯微塑料 土壤 生理特性 偏最小二乘回归模型 |
| 英文关键词: winter wheat polypropylene microplastics soil physiological characteristics partial least square regression model |
| 基金项目:河南省科技攻关项目（222102320078）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41907323）；河南农业大学青年英才基金项目（30500726，30500427） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同粒径聚丙烯微塑料（Polypropylene microplastics，PP-MPs）对冬小麦植株-土壤系统生理生态影响效应及内在机制，确定关键影响因子，为农田土壤微塑料污染生态风险评估及防控治理提供理论参考与科学依据，本研究采用土壤盆栽试验，深入研究了不同粒径（10 μm和500 μm）和质量分数（0、0.1%、0.5%、1.0%和5.0%）PP-MPs对冬小麦植株生长发育、光合效应、叶绿素含量、冠层群体温度、叶片解剖结构、抗氧化酶活性以及土壤养分含量和酶活性影响。同时构建偏最小二乘（PLS）回归模型定量分析各理化参数与冬小麦基础生长指标间关系，确定关键主控因子。结果表明：不同粒径和质量分数PP-MPs对小麦基础生长指标（株高、叶面积、叶鲜质量和根鲜质量）具有一定负面作用，小尺寸PP-MPs抑制效应更为明显。随外源PP-MPs加入，1.0%~5.0%质量分数下小麦光合特性和叶绿素含量显著下降，冬小麦冠层温度和叶片厚度降低，叶片上、下表皮厚度增加。两种粒径PP-MPs均加剧了小麦叶片氧化损伤程度，与CK相比，叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了3.26%~35.73%、10.20%~65.00%和9.62%~51.95%。此外，试验发现，小尺寸PP-MPs增加了土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等养分含量，大尺寸则与此相反。相比于不添加PP-MPs，添加处理各生育期下土壤酶活性显著升高，土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性增幅分别为6.22%~120.91%、33.94%~227.37%和31.52%~159.91%。PLS模型结果分析显示，10 μm PP-MPs胁迫下影响冬小麦表型指标变化关键因子为土壤有机质含量，500 μm PP-MPs胁迫下敏感因子为叶绿素b含量。外源PP-MPs对冬小麦生长发育和土壤理化特性均具有明显的毒性抑制效应。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study is to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of polypropylene microplastics（PP-MPs） with different particle sizes on the physiology and ecology of winter wheat plant-soil system, identify the key influencing factors, so thus to provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment, prevention and control of soil microplastic pollution in the farmland. The effects of PP-MPs（0, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 5.0%）of different particle sizes（10 μm and 500 μm）on the growth and development, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content, canopy population temperature, leaf anatomy, antioxidant enzyme activity, soil nutrient content and enzyme activity were studied by soil pot experiment. At the same time, a partial least square（PLS）regression model was constructed to quantitatively analyze the relationship between various physical and chemical parameters and the basic growth indexesof winter wheat, and determine the key main controlling factors. PP-MPs with different particle sizes and mass fractions had certain negative effects on the basic growth indexes of wheat（plant height, leaf area, leaf fresh weight and root fresh weight）, and the inhibitory effect of small-size PP-MPs was more obvious. Added with exogenous PP-MPs, the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of wheat decreased significantly at 1.0%-5.0% mass fraction, the canopy temperature and leaf thickness of winter wheat decreased, and the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis of winter wheat increased. The oxidative damage of wheat leaves was aggravated by PP-MPs of the two particle sizes, and the activities of super oxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase increased by 3.26%-35.73%, 10.20%-65.00% and 9.62%-51.95%, respectively, compared with CK. In addition, small-sized PP-MPs increased the nutrient content of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, while large-sized PP-MPs increased the content of nutrients such as soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorous and available kalium, while large-size PP-MPs increased the content of nutrients. Compared to not adding, soil enzyme activity increased significantly at each growth stage, and the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase increased by 6.22%-120.91%, 33.94%-227.37% and 31.52%-159.91%, respectively. The results of PLS model showed that soil organic matter content was the key factor affecting the phenotypic index of winter wheat under 10 μm PP-MPs stress, and Chlb content was the sensitive factor under 500 μm PP-MPs stress. Exogenous PP-MPs had obvious toxicity inhibitory effects on the growth and development of winter wheat and soil physicochemical properties. The results of this study provide a basis and support for grasping the response mechanism of plant-soil system MPs, and constructing timely and effective risk assessment and ecological environment management measures. |
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